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Mechtild Gomolla 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2007,10(1):126-127
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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György Péteri 《Minerva》1996,34(4):367-380
Conclusions On the basis of these findings, I suggest that the structure and organisation of the field of Hungarian economics under state socialism should be described as a case of partitioned bureaucracy.9 The compromise between research economists and the political elite in the New Course era between 1953 and 195510 survived the post-1956 reaction in so far as political economy, with its predominantly legitimatory and ideological functions, remained partitioned from the other sectors in the field through the remainder of the state-socialist period. This secured considerable protection both for Marxist-Leninist political economy—which faced the destabilising effects of exposure to the findings of serious empirical research—and for the other sectors, which were professionally oriented and earnestly interested in the pursuit of unbiased empirical research, free from stifling agitprop interference. Our data concerning the reputational control of the field reflects only one, although very important, aspect of this partitioning. Another and much plainer aspect is that, from the early 1960s, the Agitation and Propaganda Department of the Central Committee no longer exercised control over the field, except in the political economy sector.The proposition about the mechanism paradigm should not be taken seriously as a statement of a Kuhnian type of intellectual organisation of Hungarian economics, with reform economics at its hard theoretical core. But it should certainly be taken seriously as a reflection of the sociopolitical structure which emerged and developed from the mid-1950s onwards. Neither the politicians nor the economists saw as necessary or even contemplated the integration of Hungarian economic research with Western mainstream economic thought. In exchange for the professional expertise and socio-economic intelligence necessary for the exercise of power, Hungary's state-socialist political class offered their economists relative autonomy and freedom from interference. The price the economists had to pay was partly to refrain from openly and systematically challenging the beliefs perpetuated by the political economy of socialism, and partly to accept in their research the paramountcy of policy orientation. But this burden they assumed willingly since it made them the only group within Hungary's academic intelligentsia—indeed, the only group in Hungarian society outside the political class—with the privilege of being coopted to the institutions with power over some restricted domains of policymaking. After 1989, especially under the conservative Antall government, this proved less than advantageous.11 Although the benevolence of many critics is open to question, it could greatly benefit the field if the economists' expulsion from contemporary politics went hand in hand with provision of the material, intellectual and institutional conditions for a new approach where a fundamentally scientific orientation is paramount. 相似文献
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Toyo Yoshizaki 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2004,19(4):31-36
Summary Now more than ever good translations are proving to be vitally important to fulfilling Shoichi Noma’s mission of advancing
good relationships between cultures. With the emergence of dozens of world-class Japanese writers, the translators of Japanese
literature have acquired a new significance and a new importance. No longer are they required to simply handle the language
like an exotic and precious commodity but they must prepare a writer’s work to compete with literature from around the globe
and let others understand the issues at their very heart of the Japanese people.
Indeed, the selection committee’s choice of Murakami’s Wind-Up Bird Chronicle is an apt example of how literature at its very best can span cultural divides to promote mutual understanding of very complicated
and important world issues. Written for Japanese to help them understand the devastation of war, it is a rare and timely book
that confronts Japan’s experience head on. Ironically, Noma’s idea that books are silent ambassadors, an idea born from agony
and defeat, so many years later is helping the world come together towards a unified vision of peace and understanding.
“Literature has been described as a means of exchange between the hearts of people. Literary translation, then, is the building
of bridges so that all peoples of the world can interact in this way.”
Ye Weiqu, Chinese Institute of Social Studies. 相似文献