和田地区中小学"维汉"双语教育三种主要模式及分析

科学的双语教育理论应该建立在科学地划分双语教育类型的基础上.文章按照学校的语言文化环境将和田地区中小学的双语教育模式大体分为民族学校模式、汉族学校模式、民汉合校模式等三个类型,从理论依据、教学目标、操作程序、操作策略等角度对其进行分析.     

Respiratory and Hemodynamic Responses to Mobilization of Critically Ill Obese Patients

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobilization on respiratory and hemodynamic parameters in critically ill obese patients.

Methods

Critically ill obese patients (n = 31) were included in this retrospective study. Data were collected from patients’ files and physiotherapy records of mobilization sessions. Heart rate (HR), systolic/diastolic/mean blood pressure, respiratory rate (RR), and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were recorded. Cardiorespiratory parameters were collected just prior to the mobilization, just after the completion of the mobilization and after 5 minutes recovery period. Respiratory reserve was calculated before and after the mobilization.

Results

A total of 37 mobilization sessions in 31 obese patients (mean age: 63.3 years, mean BMI: 32.2 kg/m²) who received physiotherapy were analyzed. Respiratory rate increased significantly after the completion of the mobilization compared to initial values (p < 0.05). SpO₂ significantly increased (p < 0.05) and all other parameters remained similar (p > 0.05) compared to initial values after the recovery period. Mobilization resulted in a significant increase in respiratory reserve (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Early mobilization in intensive care unit promotes respiratory reserve in obese patients. We found that mobilization can be performed safely in critically ill obese patients if cardiorespiratory parameters are continuously monitored.Key Words: obesity, mobilization, critically ill patients, physiotherapy     

真空预压技术对软粘土物理与力学属性影响的试验研究

研制了一套新三轴试验仪,该仪器能将堆载和真空加载在土样上,在固结进行中能同时监控超孔隙水压力、轴向应变(沉降)与体积应变.并根据浙江省温州市原状软粘土进行了固结试验,软粘土的天然含水率是72.5%.试验结果发现,真空预压、堆载预压或真空堆载联合预压3类加固方式中,粘土的固结特性没有明显差异.研究表明3种加固方法改变了软土的一些物理属性并改善了它的力学属性.     

The degree to which UAE primary science workbooks promote scientific inquiry

This research investigated Grades 5 and 6 science workbooks for the degree to which they promote scientific inquiry abilities, opportunities that students had to acquire these abilities and the obstacles hindering students from implementing them. A document review technique and a constant comparative method were applied sequentially. A total of 58 instigative logs were scrutinized. Findings revealed that while the activities allowed students to use appropriate techniques and tools to collect and interpret data, and use their inquiry abilities related to implement investigation plans, they did not allow students real opportunities to formulate questions, plan for simple investigations, write conclusions, or communicate investigations. A total of 15 Grade 5 and 6 science teachers were asked to report their perceptions of the students’ role in implementing identified abilities. A one‐way analysis of variance revealed that there was a significant difference between students who individually implemented the inquiry abilities and students who were supported by the teacher or by other students. Obstacles that hindered students from implementing identified inquiry abilities included teachers’ intensive supports, students’ limited background or skills, and materials and instrument shortages. The study concluded with recommendations for policy, practice, and future research.     

Reading social stories in the community: A promising intervention for promoting children's environmental knowledge and behavior in Jordan

Traditionally, education in various forms has been used as a tool to change values and behavior in children regarding the environment. This study reports findings from the We Love Reading Program that utilizes the reading of Social Stories in various communities in Jordan to address the environmental problems of Jordan. Results indicated the effectiveness of this informal educational intervention showing a significant increase in children's knowledge about environmental issues and a positive change in behavior related to electricity and water consumption and littering, as reported by parents. The authors provide several recommendations on how Social Stories and appropriate curriculum can be used in schools and community to create awareness in students regarding environmental issues.     

PERSON: Personalized information retrieval evaluation based on citation networks

Despite the importance of personalization in information retrieval, there is a big lack of standard datasets and methodologies for evaluating personalized information retrieval (PIR) systems, due to the costly process of producing such datasets. Subsequently, a group of evaluation frameworks (EFs) have been proposed that use surrogates of the PIR evaluation problem, instead of addressing it directly, to make PIR evaluation more feasible. We call this group of EFs, indirect evaluation frameworks. Indirect frameworks are designed to be more flexible than the classic (direct) ones and much cheaper to be employed. However, since there are many different settings and methods for PIR, e.g., social-network-based vs. profile-based PIR, and each needs some special kind of data to do the personalization based on, not all the evaluation frameworks are applicable to all the PIR methods. In this paper, we first review and categorize the frameworks that have already been introduced for evaluating PIR. We further propose a novel indirect EF based on citation networks (called PERSON), which allows repeatable, large-scale, and low-cost PIR experiments. It is also more information-rich compared to the existing EFs and can be employed in many different scenarios. The fundamental idea behind PERSON is that in each document (paper) d, the cited documents are generally related to d from the perspective of d’s author(s). To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed EF, we use a large collection of scientific papers. We conduct several sets of experiments and demonstrate that PERSON is a reliable and valid EF. In the experiments, we show that PERSON is consistent with the traditional Cranfield-based evaluation in comparing non-personalized IR methods. In addition, we show that PERSON can correctly capture the improvements made by personalization. We also demonstrate that its results are highly correlated with those of another salient EF. Our experiments on some issues about the validity of PERSON also show its validity. It is also shown that PERSON is robust w.r.t. its parameter settings.     

Multi–sensory impairment: convenient label or recipe for confusion? A scoping review of research conducted in England (2001-20)

In England, the term ‘multi-sensory impairment’ (MSI) has come to overlap with other labels, which is problematic for both research and practice. We undertook a scoping review of empirical studies conducted in England over the past 20 years on MSI and overlapping labels. We designed and used a review protocol and combined multiple searching methods, including repeated database searches, manual searching of journals and expert recommendations. We identified 29 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the review, and we analysed these according to three themes: (1) terminology used, (2) topic explored, and (3) methodology adopted. We found that terminology was varied and poorly defined, with a lot of overlap between key terms that were used sometimes interchangeably. Moreover, studies varied in the level of transparency provided when methodology was reported. Finally, there was a dearth of research into inclusion in mainstream schools and research gathering learners’ voices. Implications for future research include the need for: (1) identification of factors that have led to overlapping terminology, (2) greater transparency in how the methodologies used in the field are reported, and (3) more evidence, especially from research on strategies in settings that promote inclusion, and research that includes learners’ voices.     

Optimized sliding mode current controller for power converters with non-minimum phase nature

This paper proposes a unified method to design an optimized type of the hysteresis modulation-based sliding mode current controller for non-minimum phase power converters in continuous conduction mode. The traditional sliding mode controlled converters have a slow transient voltage response at heavy loads, a large overshoot at light loads and during abrupt output resistance variations. To solve these problems, an optimized feedback control scheme is used according to the output resistance to adjust the coefficients of the controller. The basic idea of this controller is to suggest a new way for reduction of the sensitivity function amplitude of the closed loop system. The presented approach is developed for three basic DC/DC converters; i.e. boost, buck-boost and quadratic boost converters. Generally, the certain advantages of the suggested control approach are: (i) a fast transient response can be achieved in heavy load conditions, (ii) the voltage overshoot can be effectively reduced during load variations; (iii) the transient voltage overshoot can be eliminated in light load conditions; (iv) the closed loop control sensitivity can be reduced and therefore, the performance specification of a control system can be improved compared with the conventional sliding mode current control. To show the reliability of the suggested control scheme, simulations and experimental results for the derived systems are developed. Several conditions are performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Carbohydrate ingestion and soccer skill performance during prolonged intermittent exercise

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ingesting a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, during the 90-min Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test, on soccer skill performance. Seventeen male soccer players ingested either a 6.4% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution or placebo solution equivalent to 8 ml · kg^?1 body mass before exercise and 3 ml · kg^?1 body mass after every 15 min of exercise, in a double-blind randomized cross-over design, with the trials separated by 7 days. The evening before the main trial, the participants performed glycogen-reducing exercise on a cycle ergometer (80 min at 70%[Vdot]O_2max) and were then fed a low-carbohydrate meal. After a 12-h overnight fast, they performed The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test before and after every 15 min of exercise. Analysis of the combined skill test data showed a significant time effect (P = 0.001) with differences between 0–45 and 75–90 min (P < 0.05). There was a 3% reduction in skill performance from before to after exercise in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial, whereas in the placebo trial the decrease was 14% (P = 0.07). In conclusion, skill performance during the simulated soccer activity appeared to deteriorate in the last 15–30 min of exercise. However, providing 52 g · h^?1 carbohydrate during exercise showed a tendency to better maintain soccer skill performance than a taste-matched placebo.