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61.
The authors critique the mechanistic notion of aspirations running through much research and policy‐making on educational and vocational outcomes. They present a performative model, with individuals drawing on limited social resources to express aspirations within constrained contexts. This argument is illustrated by discussion of the findings of large‐scale empirical investigation of the aspirations of 490 young people in three UK schools. Five themes from this analysis are presented and it is argued that these need to be explored in order to enrich and expand our understanding of young people's expression of aspirations. 相似文献
62.
63.
Family‐Centered Positive Behavior Support Interventions in Early Childhood To Prevent Obesity
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Positive behavior support (PBS) strategies in early childhood, which include proactively structuring environments to support and positively reinforce healthy dietary and physical activity behaviors, are critical for preventing pediatric obesity, particularly among low‐income, ethnic minority children. Existing evidence‐based family‐centered preventive interventions effectively impact parents’ use of PBS strategies. Enhancing these programs to more directly target the key mechanisms of change specific to promoting children's healthy lifestyle behaviors could serve as the foundation for the next generation of effective protocols for preventing pediatric obesity. Two established programs that target PBS that can be feasibly implemented in a variety of service delivery systems using a multi‐tiered, adaptive approach and the next steps of translation are discussed. 相似文献
64.
Sarah McGeown Dave Putwain Helen St. Clair‐Thompson Peter Clough 《Psychology in the schools》2017,54(2):196-209
This study sought to explore the concept of mental toughness (comprising the attributes challenge, commitment, control, and confidence) from the perceptions of adolescents, to better understand their views on these attributes and the extent to which each were regarded as important within an educational setting. In total, 54 adolescents (31 female) aged 12–17 participated. Focus group interviews (n = 15, average group size 3–4) were conducted, audio‐recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the principles of abbreviated grounded theory. The students’ views are discussed with reference to relevant psychological theory and literature and implications for teachers interested in encouraging these positive psychological attributes among adolescents are discussed. 相似文献
65.
Tom Buchanan Matt St. Charles Michelle Rigler Charles Hart 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2010,57(4):351-369
The presence of university students in the United States with disabilities is not a new phenomenon. However, little is known about the attitudes of university faculty concerning less visible disabilities such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a sample of faculty at a university in the United States (n = 136), the impact of age on faculty’s acceptance of ADHD was examined. Results indicated a higher percentage of older faculty members, compared with middle‐aged and younger faculty, selected ADHD as a condition worthy of special instructional accommodations. Irrespective of age of the respondents, ADHD had the lowest acceptance as a condition deserving special accommodations. Finally, fewer middle‐aged and older faculty attributed difficulties experienced by a student with ADHD symptoms to “bad” character, a lack of discipline or a lack of motivation. These findings suggest more emphasis should be placed on disability‐related education and training for faculty members during early stages of their careers. 相似文献
66.
Sigrun K. Ertesv?g P?l Roland Grete S?rensen Vaaland Svein St?rksen Jarmund Veland 《Journal of Educational Change》2010,11(4):323-344
The Respect program is a whole school approach to prevent and reduce problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate
which conditions in schools helped them to continue the program successfully after the end of the 1-year implementation period.
The study also looked at the actual continuation after the program end. Especially, we looked at which strategies and structures
promoted change beyond the implementation phase. The project groups at four Norwegian schools implementing the program were
interviewed at the end of the implementation period and again 2? years later. The main findings suggest that involvement in
the Respect program enables schools to implement change. However, it is challenging for the schools to continue the work afterwards.
The one school that successfully continued the work after the program was characterized by strong and supportive leadership,
leadership at many levels, they made plans and saw them through, renewed activities and new members of staff were introduced
to and included in the work according to the program principles. These elements were more or less lacking at the other three
schools, at least after the active program period. A main finding is that a 1-year program period is not long enough for most
schools to implement and continue an extensive whole school program like Respect. 相似文献
67.
Relations between physiological and cognitive regulatory systems: infant sleep regulation and subsequent executive functioning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this report was to investigate the prospective links between infant sleep regulation and subsequent executive functioning (EF). The authors assessed sleep regulation through a parent sleep diary when children were 12 and 18 months old (N = 60). Child EF was assessed at 18 and 26 months of age. Higher proportions of total sleep occurring at night time, at both 12 and 18 months, were related to better performance on executive tasks, especially those involving a strong impulse control component. Most relations held above family socioeconomic status, prior mental development and concurrent verbal ability. These findings add to previous results with school-age children in suggesting that sleep favors the development of higher order cognitive functions requiring prefrontal cortex involvement. 相似文献
68.
69.
This article presents a case study of the design, development and evaluation of a science museum exhibition called Planetary Landscapes: Sculpting the Solar System. The exhibition was created by Chabot Space and Science Center in Oakland, California, in collaboration with the artist Ned Kahn. (A slightly smaller version has been traveling to science museums around the country, and has been sent to the Middle East and Asia.) This exhibition affords a chance to explore the work of a gifted artist as he seeks to merge art and science and create beautiful inquiry‐based exhibits. The story also relates how a museum design team and an evaluation team sought to support the exhibition design in ways that would augment and not interfere with the expertise of the artist. 相似文献
70.
Biomechanical comparison of the double-push technique and the conventional skate skiing technique in cross-country sprint skiing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aims of the study were to: (1) adapt the "double-push" technique from inline skating to cross-country skiing; (2) compare this new skiing technique with the conventional skate skiing cross-country technique; and (3) test the hypothesis that the double-push technique improves skiing speed in a short sprint. 13 elite skiers performed maximum-speed sprints over 100 m using the double-push skate skiing technique and using the conventional "V2" skate skiing technique. Pole and plantar forces, knee angle, cycle characteristics, and electromyography of nine lower body muscles were analysed. We found that the double-push technique could be successfully transferred to cross-country skiing, and that this new technique is faster than the conventional skate skiing technique. The double-push technique was 2.9 +/- 2.2% faster (P < 0.001), which corresponds to a time advantage of 0.41 +/- 0.31 s over 100 m. The double-push technique had a longer cycle length and a lower cycle rate, and it was characterized by higher muscle activity, higher knee extension amplitudes and velocities, and higher peak foot forces, especially in the first phase of the push-off. Also, the foot was more loaded laterally in the double-push technique than in the conventional skate skiing technique. 相似文献