General Communications

Communications Law: 1976 (Practising Law Institute, 810 Seventh Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019—$20.00, paper, with discounts for volume orders)

Refocusing Government Communications Policy: A Report of the Proceedings of the Four Washington Staff Seminars (Aspen Institute Publishing Program Office, 360 Bryant St., Palo Alto, Calif. 94302—$4.25, paper)

Stanley M. Ulanoff's Advertising in America: An Introduction to Persuasive Communication (New York: Hastings House, 1977- $17.50/8.95)     

Film Directors

Peter Lehman and William Luhr, Blake Edwards (Athens: Ohio University Press, 1981 -- $8.95 paper/$18.95 cloth).

David Lean: A Guide to References and Resources by Louis P. Castelli ($18.50)

Stanley Kubrick: A Guide to References and Resources by Wallace Coyle ($24.00).

Jon Tuska (editor), Close Up: The Contemporary Director (Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press, 1981 -- $22.50).

Frederick Lamster, Souls Made Great Through Love and Adversity: The Film Work of Frank Borzage (Metuchen: The Scarecrow Press, 1981 -- $12.50).

Renata Berg-Pan, Leni Reifenstahl (1980, $13.95, 222 pages).

Georg Gaston, Karel Reisz (1980, $13.95, 166 pages).

Bettina Knapp, Sacha Guitry (1981, $14.95, 245 pages).

John Kreidl, Jean-Luc Godard (198. 0, $12.95, 273 pages).

Barbara Learning, Gri ore Kozintsev (1980, 14.95, 212 pages).

Charles J. Maland, Frank Capra (1980, $10.95, 218 pages).

Gene D. Phillips, John Schlesinger (19817714.95, 199 pages).

Stephen Snyder, Pier Paolo Pasolini (1980, $13.95, 199 pages).

William R. Taylor, Sydney Pollack (1981-, $14.95, 170 pages).

Louis Giannetti, Masters of the American Cinema (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981 -- $11.95 paper).     

TEACHING THE GOD IDEA TO YOUNG CHILDREN

The typical Jewish child's Jewish education ends with his or her Bar or Bat Mitzvah which, more than likely, focused on the acquisition of practical synagogue skills. As they grow older, these young Jewish adults will more than likely learn far more about Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and other religious traditions in the course of their college and university educations whereas they will still only have a simplistic, child's understanding of their own religious tradition. As a result, most young Jews today possess only a superficial understanding of Judaism which cannot possibly compete for their spiritual loyalty or serve as a focus for future study.     

Food Safety Practices Assessment Tool: An Innovative Way to Test Food Safety Skills among Individuals with Special Needs

Abstract: This article describes an innovative assessment tool designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a food safety skills curriculum for learners receiving special education services. As schools respond to the increased demand for training students with special needs about food safety, the need for effective curricula and tools is also increasing. A Food Safety Education for High School and Transition Special Needs Students curriculum served as the basis upon which our assessment tool was developed. The project was a collaborative effort by food safety and education professionals in Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. This USDA‐funded initiative emerged from teacher‐generated data that identified critical gaps in food safety knowledge and skills among students with disabilities (SWD) receiving special education services. As an adjunct to this curriculum, a Food Safety Practices Assessment Tool was developed to: 1) conduct observations of students as they demonstrate food safety practices, and 2) use this information to design classroom‐based learning activities that are aligned with students’ Individual Education Plans (IEP). Pilot data suggest that the tool is valid and reliable for use in a kitchen‐based setting. This is the first known tool of its kind to test food safety skills of individuals with special needs in a real‐world environment. Further testing is needed to determine the usefulness of the tool for broader audiences.     

The regulation of telecommunications networks

Abstract

In the past several years, the number of sellers from whom customers of telecommunications network services can choose has increased dramatically. Whether it is the provision of domestic long‐distance service, or the offering of international telecommunications, or even the delivery of local communications, where previously service was provided by one firm or by a stable handful of firms that shared a market, users now have a wider range of choice and this increase in the scope of choice is likely to continue into the future. These changes, the result of a combination of developments in technology and regulatory policy, have created new problems for those charged with the regulation of telecommunications.

This paper begins by tracing the changes in regulatory policy that have led to the increase in the number of suppliers of domestic long‐distance telecommunications service. Then, it examines a number of principles for pricing telecommunications network services. Next, it identifies a number of explanations that have been offered for the proliferation in network services that has occurred. It then attempts to draw lessons from developments in the long distance market for the future of local network service. Finally, the paper explores the difficulties that policy‐makers will face in the new, more competitive environment.     

Anatomical Data for Analyzing Human Motion

Abstract

Anatomical data necessary for the analysis of human motion are presented on the total living body segmented into sixteen parts. Cadaver data from Dempster (1955) are applied to water displacement data obtained on 135 living subjects (35 men and 100 women) to obtain the weight, center of gravity, and radius of gyration for the segmented extremities. Thirty-three of these subjects (15 men and 18 women) were used to obtain the weight of the segments of the trunk, using the water displacement method, and sixteen of these subjects (7 men and 9 women) were used to locate the center of gravity of each trunk segment. A lead model was constructed using the trunk data to obtain the radii of gyration in both the sagittal and frontal planes. A single male cadaver was dissected to compare the trunk measurements with the lead model results.     

Effect of suspension systems on the physiological and psychological responses to sub-maximal biking on simulated smoothand bumpy tracks

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the physiological and psychological responses of cyclists riding on a hard tail bicycle and on a full suspension bicycle. Twenty males participated in two series of tests. A test rig held the front axle of the bicycle steady while the rear wheel rotated against a heavy roller with bumps (or no bumps) on its surface. In the first series of tests, eight participants (age 19 – 27 years, body mass 65 – 82 kg) were tested on both the full suspension and hard tail bicycles with and without bumps fitted to the roller. The second series of test repeated the bump tests with a further six participants (age 22 – 31 years, body mass 74 – 94 kg) and also involved an investigation of familiarization effects with the final six participants (age 21 – 30 years, body mass 64 – 80 kg). Heart rate, oxygen consumption ([Vdot]O₂), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and comfort were recorded during 10 min sub-maximal tests. Combined data for the bumps tests show that the full suspension bicycle was significantly different (P < 0.001) from the hard tail bicycle on all four measures. Oxygen consumption, heart rate and RPE were lower on average by 8.7 (s = 3.6) ml · kg^?1 · min^?1, 32.1 (s = 12.1) beats · min^?1 and 2.6 (s = 2.0) units, respectively. Comfort scores were higher (better) on average by 1.9 (s = 0.8) units. For the no bumps tests, the only statistically significant difference (P = 0.008) was in [Vdot]O₂, which was lower for the hard tail bicycle by 2.2 (s = 1.7) ml · kg^?1 · min^?1. The results indicate that the full suspension bicycle provides a physiological and psychological advantage over the hard tail bicycle during simulated sub-maximal exercise on bumps.     

Transient VO2 Characteristics in Children at the Onset of Steady-Rate Exercise

Abstract

The transient oxygen uptake (VO₂) response during the initial phase of exercise was investigated in 28 children (mean age ± SD = 10.2 ± 2.28 years) during constant load submaximum bicycle ergometer exercise (mean power output ± SD = 56 ± 4.0 watts; mean VO₂ ± SD = .92 ± .141 [mdot] min^-1). The VO₂ half-time (VO₂ - t½) averaged (± SD) 34.8 (± 12.70) sec which is similar to that observed in adults. Examination of the VO₂-t ½ response as it related to age (7 to 14 years) showed that younger children attained steady-rate VO₂ more quickly than older children (r = .77 between age and VO₂-t½, P < .05). Body size, maturational level, exercise intensity, cardiorespiratory factors, and anaerobic potential are suggested as possible factors accounting for the positive age vs VO₂-t ½ relationship.     

Manipulate important educational variables

For nine years personnel of the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) at Johns Hopkins have found thousands of youths, chiefly seventh‐graders, who reason extremely well mathematically. SMPY strives in various ways to help these students proceed considerably faster and better in mathematics and related subjects than is usually permitted or encouraged. Its work is offered as an example of important problems that, in the judgment of the author, educational psychologists should attack vigorously. SMPY's four‐D model is described, which emphasizes educational acceleration of youths who arc highly able and eager to move ahead quickly.