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Researchers have not yet reached agreement about the validity of several competing explanations that seek to explain ethnic differences in juvenile violent offending. Ethnicity cannot solely explain why boys with an ethnic minority background commit more (violent) crimes. By assessing the intersectionality of structural, cultural and individual considerations, both the independent effects as well as the interplay between different factors can be examined. This study shows that aforementioned factors cumulatively play a role in severe violent offending, with parental connectedness and child abuse having the strongest associations. However, since most variables interact and ethnicity is associated with those specific factors, a conclusion to be drawn is that ethnicity may be relevant as an additional variable predicting severe violent offending although indirectly. 相似文献
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This paper considers two paradigms of process-aware information systems (PAIS) that are used to share knowledge about planning and executing tasks. The case-based task management (CBTM) system is based on the transduction of execution protocols, so-called cases; and the pattern-based task management (PBTM) system is based on task patterns that are derived from cases but yield more abstract information. As user motivation to contribute to a collaborative task management system is a crucial factor for its success, we consider the different motivational requirements of CBTM and PBTM from a psychological point of view. Based on experimental findings about different factors that have been shown to enhance people's motivation to contribute their knowledge to a shared pool, we compare the two approaches and assess which one is more appropriate with respect to motivation. 相似文献
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Samuelsson Stefan Gustavsson Ann Herkner Birgitta Lundberg Ingvar 《Reading and writing》2000,13(3-4):297-312
The primary objective of this study was to compare a sample ofprison inmates with the norms obtained for large samples of 12year-old students on tests measuring word decoding skills,reading and spelling abilities. Theoretically, we assumed thatphonological processing deficits are a strong predictor ofdyslexic problems, and thus, only those inmates who did not seemto possess appropriate levels of phonological decoding skillsshould be defined as dyslexics. The results showed that theinmates performed better or at the same level as 12 year-oldstudents on all tasks measuring reading, spelling, and worddecoding skills, and that 4 out of 35 inmates (11%) with Swedishas their native language exhibited phonological decoding skillssubstantially below the average of grade 6 students. Thus, bycomparing the group of inmates with 12 year-old students, and byusing phonological decoding skills as an indicator of reading andwriting disabilities, our conclusion was that the frequency ofpossible dyslexic problems found in a group of prison inmateslooks very much like comparable incidence figures from a generalpopulation. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTTwo historic house museums, a municipal art gallery, and a provincial archive have had comprehensive risk and option assessments done by the Canadian Conservation Institute. For each institution, an average of 60 options addressing 40 risks was analyzed in terms of risk reduction, cost, and cost-effectiveness. A meta-analysis found that cost-effectiveness follows a strong economy of scale within each institution. By estimating valuation of each collection, cost-effectiveness was converted into benefit–cost ratio of dollar spent per dollar value saved and was found not to follow an economy of scale between small and large institutions. Optimization software was applied to see if precise maximization of risk reduction gave significantly different recommendations than those in the original reports which relied on the Pareto rule of addressing the largest risks first. 相似文献
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The medical ultrasonic phased array technology was modified for the non-destructive testing of marble sculptures and the feasibility of the approach was evaluated. For this purpose, 1?MHz, 64-channel phased array electronic and phased array transducers were developed. The specifications of the electronics and the transducers are presented and discussed. Ultrasound images of inner structures of a marble sculpture are presented. The problem of the acoustic matching layers for different states of deterioration is discussed and the developments in view of a suitable matching layer solution are presented. This matching layer is combined with a new coupling technique that protects the marble surface. The results of experiments on ultrasound phantoms and on a marble sculpture are presented. 相似文献
79.
Index maintenance strategies employed by dynamic text retrieval systems based on inverted files can be divided into two categories:
merge-based and in-place update strategies. Within each category, individual update policies can be distinguished based on
whether they store their on-disk posting lists in a contiguous or in a discontiguous fashion. Contiguous inverted lists, in
general, lead to higher query performance, by minimizing the disk seek overhead at query time, while discontiguous inverted
lists lead to higher update performance, requiring less effort during index maintenance operations. In this paper, we focus
on retrieval systems with high query load, where the on-disk posting lists have to be stored in a contiguous fashion at all
times. We discuss a combination of re-merge and in-place index update, called Hybrid Immediate Merge. The method performs strictly better than the re-merge baseline policy used in our experiments, as it leads to the same query
performance, but substantially better update performance. The actual time savings achievable depend on the size of the text
collection being indexed; a larger collection results in greater savings. In our experiments, variations of Hybrid Immediate Merge were able to reduce the total index update overhead by up to 73% compared to the re-merge baseline.
相似文献
Stefan BüttcherEmail: |
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