Transactional Links Between Social Anxiety Symptoms and Parenting Across Adolescence: Between- and Within-Person Associations

This 4-year longitudinal multi-informant study examined between- and within-person associations between adolescent social anxiety symptoms and parenting (parental psychological control and autonomy support). A community sample of 819 adolescents (46.1% girls; M_ageT₁ = 13.4 years) reported annually on social anxiety symptoms and both adolescents and mothers reported on parenting. Between-person associations suggested that adolescent social anxiety symptoms were associated with higher adolescent- and mother-reported psychological control and lower mother-reported autonomy support. At the within-person level, however, mothers reported lower psychological control and higher autonomy support after periods with higher adolescent social anxiety symptoms. Our findings illustrate the importance of distinguishing among between-person and within-person associations and including perceptions of both dyad members in longitudinal research concerning parenting and adolescent mental health.     

The Cost of the Veil: Visual Communication Impacts of Hijab on News Judgments

Using disposition theory as a framework, this 2 (headscarf vs. no headscarf) by 2 (US citizen vs. refugee) experiment sought to elucidate the impact of visual and verbal cues in mediated messages on conclusions drawn from a television news package about a woman accused of consorting with a known terrorist group in the US, in terms of parochial empathy for and perceived innocence of the woman. Parochial empathy measures the difference between ingroup and outgroup empathy; higher levels indicate ingroup empathy is greater than outgroup empathy, meaning the individual’s empathy is very narrow in scope or “parochial.” Political identity was a measured independent variable. The data supported a model in which political identity was a significant moderator of the headscarf’s effect on parochial empathy, and that parochial empathy mediated the relationship between the manipulated and measured predictor variables on perceived innocence. Details of the relationships among variables are reported and the implications for theory and journalism practice are discussed.     

Instruction Boot Camp: Better Instruction Through Collaborative Course Design

ABSTRACT

This case study details Oregon State University Libraries and Press’ Instruction Boot Camp, a professional development event inspired by several different instructional improvement models, where librarians have a chance to work collaboratively in small groups of four to six to redesign a library instruction session. Librarians from six different departments participated in two Instruction Boot Camp sessions in 2012. The benefits of such collaboration include drawing upon the collective wisdom of the group to design a course and having a dedicated time to work on instruction. Although our assessment did not include student-learning outcomes, participating librarians found this a useful and valuable experience.     

How clicker use facilitates existing pedagogical practices in higher education: data from interdisciplinary research on student response systems

This article identifies how clicker use can support or augment existing principles of good teaching across different disciplines in higher education. While many of these principles will be familiar to instructors, the link between student response system (SRS) use and existing pedagogical methods is still often unclear, even for scholars who are well read in the literature. Functioning as a resource for both novices and instructors who have already incorporated clickers into their courses, this article synthesizes existing literature and offers empirical data from five courses in three disciplines to show how SRSs can be used to support contemporary pedagogical goals. The authors discuss five exemplary practices, providing sample clicker questions along the way, to show how clickers can be used to facilitate active learning in large courses.     

“In the shoes of another”: immersive technology for social and emotional learning

Education and Information Technologies - There has been increasing use of interactive technologies in the classroom today and a rising popularity of employing virtual environments as a means to...     

School-based prevention: Effects on obesity and physical performance after 4 years

Abstract

Juvenile obesity is increasing worldwide. Preventive strategies are warranted. The school-based Children's Health Interventional Trial (the CHILT Project) combines health education and physical activity for children. The effect on obesity and physical performance was studied after four years in 12 primary schools compared with five control schools. Anthropometric data were recorded. Physical performance was measured by a coordination test for children (balancing backwards, one-legged obstacle jumping, lateral jumping, sideways movements) and a 6-min run (endurance). No difference in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity was found between the intervention and control schools before and after the intervention. Remission of overweight was higher in the intervention schools (23.2 vs. 19.2%), but not significant. An increase in coordination related to lateral jumping and balancing backwards was apparent in the intervention schools (30.6, s = 10.8 vs. 26.1, s = 10.8, P = 0.005; 21.8, s = 11.8 vs. 19.4, s = 11.7, P = 0.007), and the increase in endurance performance tended to be higher in intervention schools (100.8, s = 122.7 vs. 92.8, s = 126.0, P = 0.055), adjusted for age, sex, baseline test result, and body mass index at final examination. Therefore, preventive intervention in primary school offers the possibility to improve physical performance in children. The prevalence and incidence of obesity were not affected.     

Aneignung im Kontext von (Re-)Organisation Eine erziehungswissenschaftliche Analyse von Modernisierungsprozessen

Modernisierungen in Unternehmen gelten als erforderliche, zugleich aber auch als schwierige friktionale Prozesse. In sie wird viel investiert. Dennoch bleiben die Wirkungen oft hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Dies verweist darauf, dass sich ?nderungen nicht per Beschluss von oben nach unten durchsetzen lassen. Es sind vielmehr ineinander greifende und sich gegenseitig irritierende Lern- und Ver?nderungsprozesse auf individueller und organisationaler Ebene erforderlich. Wie derartige Prozesse verlaufen und ineinander greifen, ist bislang nur unzureichend gekl?rt. Dieses Defizit ist Ausgangspunkt des nachfolgenden Beitrags. Er bezieht sich auf eine Studie, in deren Kern es um die Entwicklung eines theoretischen Angebots und die Anwendung auf einen Fall geht. Dazu wurde die soziologisch ausgerichtete Organisationstheorie um die erziehungswissenschaftliche Kategorie Aneignung erweitert und das Konzept der „mentalen Mitgliedschaft“ entwickelt. Dieses entwirft eine neue Perspektive auf die Schnittstelle zwischen Individuum und Organisation. Sie erlaubt es, die Frage zu verfolgen, wie die neuen, durch die Reorganisationsma?nahme in die Organisationen zu implementierenden Strukturen und das darin eingelagerte Wissen von den Individuen biographisch verarbeitet werden und wie dieses auf das organisationale Geschehen zurückwirkt. In der Anwendung auf einen konkreten Fall zeigt sich die Leistungsf?higkeit der erziehungswissenschaftlichen Kategorie Aneignung für die Analyse von Modernisierungsprozessen in Organisationen.     

Preparing U.S. Coast Guard junior enlisted members to become petty officers at a Petaluma training center

This 2008 Award of Excellence study describes how the Coast Guard Training Center in Petaluma, California, used human performance technology principles to identify and improve performance problems among a student population of young enlisted members. The solution system centered around the creation of a program that set expectations and standards at the beginning of training and provided the students with tools to become more effective leaders upon graduation.     

Principals’ use of rating scale categories in classroom observations for teacher evaluation

Teacher evaluation systems commonly rely on observation of teaching practice (OTP) by school principals. However, the value of OTP as evidence of teacher effectiveness depends on its psychometric quality. In this study, we address a key aspect of the psychometric quality of principals’ OTP ratings. Specifically, we investigate the degree to which rating scale categories have a consistent interpretation across teaching episodes and practices. Results suggest that the 1,324 principals’ use of the rating scale categories functioned as intended overall. However, we also found that the midpoint category is underutilized and that rating categories do not always reflect similar levels of teaching effectiveness across teaching episodes and practices. When such discrepancies occur, we cannot assume principals’ ratings reflect a consistent level of teacher effectiveness within and across classrooms. This is a critical component of validity evidence that can inform the interpretation of OTP ratings and point to areas for improvement in both the rubrics and in principals’ training for classroom observations.