依法行政的法理思考

:依法行政就是行政主体行使行政权力 ,管理公共事务必须有法授权 ,依法办事、合乎法意 ;依法行政是依法治国的关键 ,将为社会主义市场经济发展提供合理有序空间 ;依法行政有利于保护人权 ,有助于确立人们的法律信仰 ;要实现依法行政还应调动社会各方面力量对权力实施有效监督制约     

综合理科课程理解的几个误区

通过详实的资料 ,对综合理科课程的涵义、产生和发展、课程类型、教学目标、教学评价特征以及与分科理科课程和理科综合考试的关系进行了全面论证 ,从而澄清了当前对于综合理科认识的几个误区     

Automatic recognition method for optical measuring instruments based on machine vision

Based on a comprehensive study of various algorithms, the automatic recognition of traditional ocular optical measuring instruments is realized. Taking a universal tools microscope (UTM) lens view image as an example, a 2-layer automatic recognition model for data reading is established after adopting a series of pre-processing algorithms. This model is an optimal combination of the correlation-based template matching method and a concurrent back propagation (BP) neural network. Multiple complementary feature extraction is used in generating the eigenvectors of the concurrent network. In order to improve fault-tolerance capacity, rotation invariant features based on Zernike moments are extracted from digit characters and a 4-dimensional group of the outline features is also obtained. Moreover, the operating time and reading accuracy can be adjusted dynamically by setting the threshold value. The experimental result indicates that the newly developed algorithm has optimal recognition precision and working speed. The average reading ratio can achieve 97.23%. The recognition method can automatically obtain the results of optical measuring instruments rapidly and stably without modifying their original structure, which meets the application requirements.     

关于平方余函数的四个Diophantine方程

讨论了有关Smarandache平方余函数的四个Diophantine方程的求解问题．     

The influence of participants in formative evaluation on the improvement of learning from written instructional materials

Formative evaluation in instructional design is widely advocated as a means to improve instructional materials through tryouts with learners and experts and revision based on this feedback. Research on formative evaluation has sought to prove its effectiveness and to provide guidance as to which methods of collecting feedback and which sources of feedback are most effective in improving learning. It is difficult to determine from the research whether aspects of tryout or of revision are responsible for improved learning. This paper describes a systematic investigation of both tryout and revision to more clearly determine the influence of different formative evaluation participants (experts, learners and revisers) on the improvement of learning from written instructional materials.It was found that revised versions incorporating learner feedback had the most impact on improving learning from the materials. It was also found that revisers have a far more powerful impact on formative evaluation outcomes than was previously supposed, in terms of how they mediate and incorporate the feedback they are given. The results refute contentions that any revision is better than none since versions revised without learner feedback did not improve learning. Implications are discussed.     

美国城市文化对城市文学的影响

城市文学是城市文化的有机组成部分,是城市文化发展的必然产物。美国的城市文学真实生动地反映出美国城市化进程中物质和文化的本质特征及其流变,与城市文化之间始终保持着非常紧密的联系。这种相互之间的紧密联系体现出两者之间相互关联与相互影响的特征。城市文化影响着城市文学创作的题材选择与主题提炼,影响着城市文学家思想情感的产生与反映,也影响着各个不同发展时期文学思潮的形成与湮灭。深入探讨这一问题,对于研究美国的城市文化和城市文学,具有相当重要的意义。     

论西周国民音乐教育

西周时期拥有我国历史上第一个比较明确的宫廷"雅乐"体系以及完整的音乐教育制度的时代。当时统治者意识到音乐教育的特殊作用,对音乐特别的重视,甚至把礼乐教育(即乐教)作为国教,故此对以后我国音乐教育的发展产生了深远的历史影响。通过对西周时期"政教合一"立学思想的提出及其目的,教学内容、方式和编制的状况,教育目标中的"德艺并构"和教学范围的广阔性的研究,并深入了解了当时的音乐教育状况,从而得出西周音乐教育体系的显著特征。     

What Does it Mean to Question?

The purpose of this paper is two fold: first, to tease out the meaning inherent in the correlativity of the question and answer process and second, to suggest a philosophical answer to the question “What does it mean to question?” in the context of teacher education. To that end, we want to claim that R.G. Collingwood’s “Logic of Question and Answer” is a valuable tool in filling the gap in scholarship concerning the art of questioning. While research into the activity of teaching often emphasizes the role and effectiveness of questioning, these studies have largely focussed on the strategies and results of the practice of questioning. We argue that they place too little emphasis on making sense of the process itself and that more time should be spent on the Logic of Question and Answer. To accomplish our goal, in Collingwoodian form, we will contextualize an example of how the understanding of the question and answer complex informs the practice of teacher education in the specific area of the Social Studies Methods Course.     

基于LDA模型和分类号的专利技术演化研究

[目的/意义] 运用概率主题模型全面研究专利文献主题演化,分析专利技术发展过程及趋势。[方法/过程] LDA模型按时间窗口对专利文本建模,困惑度确定最优主题数,按专利文本结构特性提取主题向量,采用JS散度度量主题之间的关联,引入IPC分类号度量技术主题强度,最后实现主题强度、主题内容和技术主题强度3方面的演化研究。[结果/结论] 实验结果表明：该方法能够深入挖掘专利文献的主题,可以较好地分析专利技术随时间的演化规律,帮助相关从业人员了解专利技术的演化过程及趋势。