Teaching common errors in applying a procedure

This study investigated whether or not the teaching of matched examples and nonexamples in the form of common errors would improve student performance in applying a procedure to previously unencountered instances, and whether the common errors would be most beneficial in generality form, in example form, or in both forms. Participants were 141 first-year music students, who were randomly assigned to four groups and given the task to learn a procedure that was presented in a self-contained booklet. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used, with a prerequisite test given as a screening device. The two independent variables were the absence and presence of the common errors in the generality form and in the example form (2 x 2 factorial design). Results indicated that the teaching of common errors in the generality form significantly improved learning a procedure at the application level of behavior.     

浅谈中国民族声乐的特征

中国民族声乐有着独特的审美特征 :以“情”为核心内涵 ;以“字正腔圆”为审美取向 ;“声音”音色的选择具有独特性 ;具有“润腔”特征的创造性歌唱     

利用RSS技术构建分布式学习资源网

RSS是一种用于共享新闻标题和其他Web内容的XML格式标准,在互联网上应用非常广泛。本文系统介绍了RSS技术的基本原理,在此基础上提出了一种基于RSS技术的分布式学习资源网框架并对其关键技术进行了分析。该框架由学习资源网站群、内容聚合器和内容阅读器等三部分组成,具有个性化、低成本、屏蔽垃圾信息、便于本地内容管理等优点。     

从改善产业结构政策看中小企业立法

中小企业立法总体上看存在社会政策型和产业政策两种相互对立的模式，前着眼于社会福利的平衡，后重视市场竞争机制的效能，建立产业政策型中小企业法律制度是现代各国中小企业立法的基本目标，建议我国中小企业立法采用产业政策型模式，以期改善我国的产业结构并形成自由公、公平、有序的市场竞争环境。     

Learning to Say No in Chinese

This study investigated the characteristics of adult-child disputes in 10 Mandarinspeaking families in Mainland China. Naturalistic interactions between caregivers and their 2-year-old toddlers were analyzed by coding the occurrence of disputes and the disagreement strategies used by caregivers and toddlers in times of dispute. Results showed that children's most frequent disagreement strategies included direct refusals, protests, and silence. In contrast, adults seldom used silence or refusals but instead used direct positive requests, expressions of dissatisfaction, and prohibitions when disagreeing with their toddlers. Overall, the results from the present study support the notion that disputes are ways to reflect existing social structures and ways by which adults in a culture can socialize children into disagreement strategies appropriate to their roles.     

La Parte Chusca of a Pedagogical Here and Now: Oaxacan Teachers’ Heteroglossic Joking About State Repression and Educational Reform

Faced with repression and reform, humor has become tactical for public school teachers in Oaxaca, Mexico, engaged in a decades-old movement that after 2006 involved intensified street- and school-based pedagogies. This piece explores how humor adds to a political project via mocking names, images, and dictates of elite leaders to bring a here and now to what is taken as inaccessible in the teachers’ political lives. Humor forms part of an (e)sc(h)atology in which critical practices are part eschatological, a call for definite transformation, and part scatological, embodied vulgarity. La parte chusca (the funny part), its (e)sc(h)atological contribution, angles toward critical literacies in Oaxaca and beyond.