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111.
Beatriz Lucas‐Molina Ariel A. Williamson Rosa Pulido Alicia Prez‐Albniz 《Psychology in the schools》2015,52(3):298-315
Peer harassment is a major social problem affecting children and adolescents internationally. Much research has focused on student‐to‐student harassment from either an individual or a multilevel perspective. There is a paucity of multilevel research on students’ relationships with the classroom teacher. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological perspective to examine the relationships between individual student‐level characteristics, problematic teacher–student relationships, and student‐reported peer harassment. A total of 1,864 children (50.7% female) aged 8 to 13 years (M = 9.82, SD = 1.24), nested in 27 schools (58.2% public) in Spain, participated in the study. Ninety‐four homeroom teachers reported on teacher–student relationships, and students completed self‐report measures related to peer harassment and teacher–student relationships. Multilevel models showed that relationships between students and teachers exerted a varying degree of influence on classroom levels of peer harassment. Specifically, student‐reported teacher support was associated with diminished student‐reported peer victimization, whereas direct and indirect student‐reported teacher‐to‐student aggression was associated with increased peer victimization. Additionally, student‐reported student‐to‐teacher aggression and teacher‐to‐student aggression were associated with increased student‐reported peer aggression. Teacher‐reported variables at the classroom level, however, contributed little to student‐reported outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of future research on relationships between teachers and students. 相似文献
112.
Six years have gone by since the passing of No Child Left Behind (2002) and due to the ‘high-stake’ riders attached to this legislation, educators at all levels have found themselves in
a state of both emotional and cognitive dissonance. Recent research in the field of neuroscience combined with principles
gained from constructivism support the importance of developing and implementing both a child-centered curriculum and a positive
learning environment that is appropriate for young children. This paper addresses some of the difficulties that arise from
the No Child Left Behind act and teaching from a constructivist model. Additionally, positive suggestions are provided for the early childhood educator
in order to support current teaching philosophies despite the pressures of high-stakes testing. 相似文献
113.
Jennifer D. Adams 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2007,2(2):393-440
In this article I critically examine the historical context of science education in a natural history museum and its relevance
to using museum resources to teach science today. I begin with a discussion of the historical display of race and its relevance
to my practice of using the Museum’s resources to teach science. I continue with a critical review of the history of the education
department in a natural history museum to demonstrate the historical constitution of current practices of the education department.
Using sociocultural constructs around identity formation and transformation, I move to the present with a case study of a
teacher who transforms the structure of science education in her classroom and school as a result of her identity transformation
and association with a museum-based professional education program.
相似文献
Jennifer D. AdamsEmail: |
114.
Stephen P. Heyneman 《Prospects》2007,37(3):305-318
Universities may contribute to a nation’s social cohesion through both direct and indirect means. In their syllabi they may
include techniques necessary for understanding complex social problems. Faculty may model good behaviour in terms of listening
and understanding points of view that may contradict their own. University administrators may illustrate ways to lead honourably,
which can enhance the chances for achieving consensus with respect to future dilemmas. This project assessed typical areas
of university tension, including academic freedom, equity of participation and academic honesty. Three different universities
were chosen as sites for faculty interviews—a foreign private university in Kyrgyzstan, a flagship state university in Georgia,
and a regional teacher training college recently upgraded to university status in Northeast Kazakhstan. Results suggest that
the single most important arena wherein universities can influence social cohesion in these countries is the manner by which
they address education corruption. The paper reproduces the statements of those faculty members who participate in corruption
as well as those who refuse to participate. It concludes with some predictions about the future of the relationship of higher
education to social cohesion.
Stephen P. Heyneman received his PhD in comparative education from the University of Chicago in 1976. He served the World Bank for 22 years. Between 1976 and 1984 he helped research education quality and design policies to support educational effectiveness. Between 1984 and 1989 he was in charge of external training for senior officials world wide in education policy. Between 1989 and 1998, he was responsible for education policy and lending strategy, first for the Middle East and North Africa and later for the 27 countries of Europe and Central Asia. In July 2000 he was appointed professor of International Education Policy at Vanderbilt University. Current interests include the effect of higher education on social cohesion, the international trade in education services and the economic and social cost to higher education corruption. 相似文献
Stephen P. HeynemanEmail: |
Stephen P. Heyneman received his PhD in comparative education from the University of Chicago in 1976. He served the World Bank for 22 years. Between 1976 and 1984 he helped research education quality and design policies to support educational effectiveness. Between 1984 and 1989 he was in charge of external training for senior officials world wide in education policy. Between 1989 and 1998, he was responsible for education policy and lending strategy, first for the Middle East and North Africa and later for the 27 countries of Europe and Central Asia. In July 2000 he was appointed professor of International Education Policy at Vanderbilt University. Current interests include the effect of higher education on social cohesion, the international trade in education services and the economic and social cost to higher education corruption. 相似文献
115.
The present study examines the development of sight word reading in young children by examining changes in their self‐reported reading strategies over time. A sample of 65 five to seven year olds were asked to read 40 real word items, all carefully matched for letter length and word frequency, on three separate occasions. Changes in the children’s word identifications were measured using immediately retrospective verbal self‐reports. Overall, the results showed some variability in the children’s self‐reported reading strategies. Over time the children relied less on phonological strategies and moved towards reliance on directly retrieving words from memory. This change was most evident in the older children; while both year groups showed similar patterns of shifting reliance from explicit phonological strategies to retrieval, this shift was simply less frequent among the younger children. An analysis of word‐specific changes in reading strategies showed that the older children had a better sight vocabulary for more complex word items. These findings provide further support for Ehri’s mediated phase theory in explaining children’s development in learning to read. 相似文献
116.
Even though several studies have reported positive attitudinal outcomes from context-based chemistry programs, methodological obstacles have prevented researchers from comparing satisfactorily the chemistry-learning outcomes between students who experience a context-based program with those who experience a content-driven program. In this narrative inquiry we are able to address the question: how do the recalled experiences of a student and her teacher in context-based and concept-based chemistry programs compare? From the student’s unique perspective of experiencing both programs with the same teacher, we have constructed our collective account around four themes; namely, the extent to which the student makes connections between chemistry concepts and real-world contexts, developing research independence through engaging in extended experimental investigations related to contexts, learning chemistry concepts through contexts, and conceptual sequencing in a context-based program. The student reported real-world connections between chemistry concepts and contexts, found her engagement in the context-driven tasks interesting and productive, and identified connected sequences of concepts across the contexts studied. Despite difficulties for teachers who are required to shift pedagogies, the student’s lived experiences and outcomes from a context-based program provide some encouragement in working through these issues. 相似文献
117.
Stephen Dobson 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2008,33(3):277-288
The argument made in this essay is that it is necessary to theorize a form of assessment—the academic viva in higher education. It is threatened with extinction because of its high cost compared with written exams, multiple choice and other forms of assessment. However, little empirical research, both in Norway and internationally, has been undertaken to reveal what is actually going on in the viva. This has partly been because it has been difficult to gain access to systematically observe the viva examination as it takes place. In the qualitative research presented by the author, on the higher education viva in Norway, permission was obtained to film a number of master’s in education vivas where candidates defended 50,000‐word dissertations. Three research questions were asked: how was the viva talked into being, what kinds of judgements were made by examiners, and, lastly, what would a validity argument look like for the viva? Answering these research questions moves some way to proposing a theory of the viva and hence providing a foundation for determining whether its continued existence is legitimate, at least from a theoretical and qualitatively researched point of view. 相似文献
118.
The aim of the current study is to investigate whether Swedish secondary school students perceive mathematics as a female, male or gender‐neutral domain. A sample of 1300 students in two age groups, 15‐ and 17‐ years, answered a questionnaire and about 50 students participated in interviews. The main part of the inquiry form consists of Who and mathematics, an attitude scale recently developed by other researchers. The results are analysed with respect to gender, school year and study programme. Gendered attitudes were found among considerable minorities. There is a marked tendency to view mathematics as a symbolically male domain: positive aspects are associated with boys and negative aspects perceived as more female. Older students hold more strongly gendered views than younger. Boys in the science programme have the strongest beliefs of mathematics as a male domain. 相似文献
119.
120.
Kirby Deater-Deckard Paula Y. Mullineaux Stephen A. Petrill Lee A. Thompson 《Reading and writing》2009,22(1):107-116
We examined the associations between components of temperament and children’s word and pseudo-word reading skills, in a school-age
sample using a within-family internal-replication design. We estimated the statistical prediction of word and pseudo-word
reading in separate regression equations that included the main effects of, and two-way interaction between, Surgency and
Effortful Control. Children with better Effortful Control scores showed better reading skills. Surgency was unrelated to reading
skills, but moderated the effect of Effortful Control. The positive association between reading skills and Effortful Control
was present only for children who were low in Surgency. Thus, reading achievement in school-age children is optimized by strong
Effortful Control, but these processes may be disrupted for those children who are high in Surgency. 相似文献