Comparison of efficiency measures for academic interventions based on acquisition and maintenance

Previous research has demonstrated the importance of examining the instructional efficiency of academic interventions and has defined efficiency as the number of items learned per instructional minute. Maintenance of the skill is also an important instructional goal, however. Therefore, the current study compared efficiency metrics using initial learning and maintenance with 25 fourth‐grade students. Each student was taught the pronunciation and English translation of 12 words from the Esperanto international language with two instructional conditions (six words for each condition). The first condition was traditional drill (TD) rehearsal with all unknown words, and the second was incremental rehearsal (IR) with one unknown and eight known words. Results indicated that, although the IR condition led to significantly more words being retained, TD was significantly more efficient using initial learning. The two conditions were equally efficient, however, when maintenance data were used. Therefore, evaluating the efficiency of instructional interventions should consider maintenance data as well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Nontraditional sites for learning about children

Students of early childhood need extensive experience to comprehend children's interpersonal interaction styles, expressions of curiosity, and dawning understandings, as well as to understand family and teacher support of, or interference with, the growth of cognitive competence, self-esteem, cooperation, and other prosocial interactions. Alice Sterling Honig teaches at Syracuse University in the Department of Child and Family Studies, College for Human Development, in Syracuse, NY. She is an editorial board member of Day Care & Early Education.     

Talk,read, joke,make friends: Language power for children

The lusty birth cry with which most babies enter the world is the first in a long series of vocal behaviors which ever increase in communicative effectiveness as a child grows through infancy into the preschool years. By the time a child enters elementary grades, he or she can understand and use thousands of words (Honig, 1982b). Pronunciation is almost entirely comprehensible. The child uses the main grammatical rules very well such as adding ing for the progressive tense, or ed for the past tense, or using negation correctly as in I don't like liver (De Villiers & De Villiers, 1979; Elliot, 1981). Children can understand double meanings for words by four years of age. A child might explain to you that A turn is when your car turns around a corner, and it also is when you take turns on the playground. Linguistic humor becomes possible as the child becomes able to play with and make a play on words (Honig, 1988). Alice Sterling Honig teaches at Syracuse University in the Department of Child and Family Studies, College for Human Development, in Syracuse, NY. She is an editorial board member of Day Care & Early Education.     

5. Journalism

MANUFACTURING THE FUTURE: A HISTORY OF WESTERN ELECTRIC by Stephen B. Adams and Orville R. Butler (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999—$34.95, ISBN 0–521–65118–2, 270 pp., photos, appendices, notes, bibliographic essay, index)

HITLER'S AIRWAVES: THE INSIDE STORY OF NAZI RADIO BROADCASTING AND PROPAGANDA SWING by Horst J. P. Bermeier and Rainer E. Lotz (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997—price not given, ISBN 0–300–06709–7, 368 pp., photos, notes, appendices, sources, index, compact disc inside back cover)

HOWARD AIKEN: PORTRAIT OF A COMPUTER PIONEER by I. Bernard Cohen (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press “History of Computing,”; 1999—$34.95, ISBN 0–262–03262–7, 329 pp., photos, appendices, source notes, index)

COMMUNICATION, COMMERCE AND POWER: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AMERICA AND THE DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE, 1960–2000 by Edward A. Comor (New York: St Martin's Press, 1998—price not given, ISBN 0–312–21071‐X, 253 pp., notes, bibliography, index)

THE GREAT RADIO SOAP OPERAS by Jim Cox (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999—$55.00, ISBN 0–7864–0589–9, 331 pp., photos, credits, appendices, annotated bibliography, index)

INFORMATION AGES: LITERACY, NUMERACY, AND THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION by Michael E. Hobart and Zachary S. Schiffman (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998—$29.95, ISBN 0–818–5881‐X, 301 pp., photos, notes, bibliographic essay, index)

ENIAC: THE TRIUMPHS AND TRAGEDIES OF THE WORLD'S FIRST COMPUTER by Scott McCartney (New York: Walker, 1999—price not given, ISBN 0–8027–1348–3, 262 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, index)

MAXWELL ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD: A GUIDED STUDY by Thomas K. Simpson (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press “Masterworks of Discovery: Guided Studies of Great Texts in Science,”; 1997—prices not given, ISBN 0–8135–2362–1 hard, 0–8135–2363‐X paper, 440 pp., diagrams, selected readings, bibliography, index)

THE BRITISH LIBRARY GUIDE TO PRINTING: HISTORY AND TECHNIQUES by Michael Twyman (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999—$19.95, paper, ISBN 0–8020–8179–7, 88 pp., further readings, illustrations, index)

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRINTED WORD IN EARLY AMERICA: COLONISTS’ THOUGHTS ON THE ROLE OF THE PRESS by Julie Hedgepeth Williams (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press “Contributions to the Study of Mass Media and Communications, No. 55,”; 1999—$65.00, ISBN , 0–313–30923‐X, 298 pp., bibliography, index)     

2. CBQ ESSAY REVIEW: IBM's First Century

Roger Lewis' Outlaws of America: The Underground Press and its Context (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972—$1.85, paper),

Ralph E. Webber (ed.) As Others See Us: American History in the Foreign Press (New York: Holt, Rinehart &; Winston, 1972—price not known, paper),

Harald Bohne and Harry Van Ierssel's Publishing: The Creative Business (Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1973– $3-.50, paper)

Eric Nicol, One Man's Media–And How to Write for Them (Toronto: Holt, Rinehart &; Winston of Canada, 1973—$2.75, paper)

David.Warren Burkett, Writing Science News for the Mass Media (Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Co., 3301 Allen Parkway, 1973—$7.95),

William H. Marnell's The Right to Know: Media and the Common Good (New York: Seabury Press, 1973—$6.95).     

6. GENERAL COMMUNICATION

MONOPOLY AND COMPETITION IN BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS: THE PAST, THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE by John Harper (London, Pinter, 1997 L50.00, ISBN 1–85567–455–6, 240pp, foreword, figures, notes glossary, index, appendices)

CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS: WORLDWIDE MARKET DEVELOPMENT by Garry A. Garrard (Norwood, MA: Artech House “Mobile Communications Series,”; 1997—$85.00, ISBN 0–89006–923–9, 514 pp., tables, charts, bibliography, index)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS TAKE‐OFF IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES edited by Karl‐Ernst Schenk, Jorn Kruse and Jurgen Muller (Aldershot, England: Avebury, 1997— L37.50, ISBN 1–85972–572–4, 252 pp., tables, charts, glossary, index)

MASS COMMUNICATION IN JAPAN by Ann Cooper‐Chen with Miiko Kodama (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1997—$39.95, ISBN 0–8138–2710–8, 276 pp., tables, photos, time‐line, references, index)

MASS MEDIA IN REVOLUTION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: THE ROMANIAN LABORATORY by Peter Gross (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1996—$42.95, ISBN 0–8138–2670–5, 224 pp., tables, notes, bibliography, index)     

History

EXHIBITING ELECTRICITY by K.G. Beauchamp (IEEE “History of Technology Series No. 21,”; IEEE Publishing and Information Services, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855–1331—$85.00, ISBN 0–85296–895–7, 338 pp., photos, diagrams, tables, references, index)

WCFL: CHICAGO'S VOICE OF LABOR 1926–78 by Nathan Godfried (Urbana: University of Illinois Press “History of Communication Series,”; 1997— $49.95/19.95, ISBN 0–252–02287–4 hard, 0–252–06592–1 paper, 390 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, index)

THE MAN IN THE SHADOWS: FRED COE AND THE GOLDEN AGE OF TELEVISION by Jon Krampner (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1997—$32.95, ISBN 0–8135–2359–1, 243 pp., photos, notes, bibliography, appendices, index)

SPECIAL EDITION: A GUIDE TO NETWORK TELEVISION DOCUMENTARY SERIES AND SPECIAL NEWS REPORTS, 1980–1989 by Daniel Einstein (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997‐$110.00, ISBN 0–8108–3220–8,928 pp., several indexes)

TECHNOLOGIES OF SEEING: PHOTOGRAPHY, CINEMATOGRAPHY AND TELEVISION by Brian Winston (London: British Film Institute/ Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996—$49.95/24.95, ISBN0–85170–601–0 hard, 0–85170–602–9 paper, 176 pp., diagrams, notes, index)

RADIO VOICES: AMERICAN BROADCASTING, 1922–1952 by Michelle Hilmes (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997‐$49.95/19.95, ISBN 0–8166–2620–0 hard, 0–8166–2621–9 paper, 353 pp., photos, notes, index)

WRITTEN OUT OF TELEVISION: THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CAST CHANGES AND CHARACTER REPLACEMENTS, 1945–1994 by Steven Lance (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996—$89.50, ISBN 0–8108–2902–9, 528 pp., photos, index)

A REPORTER'S LIFE by Walter Cronkite (New York: Knopf, 1996— $26.95, ISBN 0–394–57879–1, 384 pp., photos)     

Telecommunications policy

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SOCIO‐ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT edited by Stuart Macdonald and Gary Madden (Amsterdam: North‐Holland, 1998—price not given, ISBN 0–444–82648–3, 444 pp., tables, notes, index)

DEVELOPMENTS IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS: BETWEEN GLOBAL AND LOCAL edited by Edward Mozley Roche and Henry Bakis (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1997—price not given, ISBN 1–85972–418–3, 345 pp., figures, maps, tables, appendices, references)

COORDINATING TECHNOLOGY: STUDIES IN THE INTERNA‐ TIONAL STANDARDIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS by Susanne K. Schmidt and Raymund Werle (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press “Inside Technology,”; 1998—$32.50, ISBN 0–262–19393–0, 365 pp., photos, diagrams, notes, references, index)