让精神疾病原形毕露

精神疾病难以诊断，但基因检测和脑部成像技术，能够让它原形毕露。     

生命科技的全球观察

生物技术体系的改变，生物药的生产制造，个性化用药、预防医学等将共同形成研发的新驱动力。     

Serial anticipation and pattern extrapolation in rats as a function of element discriminability

In Experiment 1, three groups of rats were trained on one of three serial patterns consisting of different numbers of .045-g food pellets, either the simple strong monotonie pattern 14-7-3-1-0 (Group SM) or one of two complex weak monotonie patterns, 14-5-5-1-0 (Group 5-5) or 14-9-1-1-0 (Group 1-1). Learning to anticipate the terminal 0-pellet element occurred faster in Group 1-1 than in Group SM, which in turn learned faster than Group 5-5. In Experiment 2, Groups SM, 5-5, and 1-1 were trained on the first four elements of the patterns experienced by their Experiment 1 counterparts and then were tested for their ability to extrapolate the series to include the addition of a 0-pellet element in the fifth position. Extrapolation behavior was better in Group 1-1 than in Group SM, which in turn performed better than Group 5-5. The results were shown to be consistent with a memory-discrimination model of serial learning and inconsistent with a rule-learning model based on pattern complexity.