俄罗斯现行教育质量评估体系述评

教育质量问题日益成为21世纪世界各国教育发展的核心问题。为了适应新时期市场经济体制转型和教育管理体制改革的需要,俄罗斯从"国家-社会"角度正努力构建一个更为完善的全俄教育质量评估新体系。本文在分析全俄教育质量评估体系形成动因的基础上,对新体系的基本构成、功能和前瞻性任务进行了全面述评。     

一种认知无线电自适应双门限能量检测算法

针对传统频谱感知方法易受噪声波动影响的缺点,提出了一种认知无线电自适应双门限能量检测算法.该算法基于双门限能量检测,通过比较认知用户接收的能量值和预定义的门限值,判断当前信道状态并自适应地选择一轮感知或两轮感知.推导了所提算法的检测概率、虚检概率和感知时间的性能表达式,并采用蒙特卡洛仿真得到信噪比与检测概率、感知时间的...     

21世纪以来俄罗斯推动义务教育城乡均衡发展的政策述评

在《2010年前俄罗斯教育现代化构想》、《国家教育优先发展方案》和《我们的新学校》框架下,俄罗斯推进义务教育城乡均衡发展的政策主要包括改善农村学校条件、提高农村教师地位、保障儿童受教育机会三个方面。其特征是注重高质量基础上的教育均衡,遵循平等的补偿原则,追求多样化的教育均衡。     

Examining the effect of positive behaviour support on academic achievement of students with disabilities

Students who engage in challenging behaviour compromise the fundamental ability of schools to educate children. Consequently, teachers face the daunting task of designing effective strategies to promote positive educational outcomes for their students. Since the 1997 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act amendments, the use of positive behaviour supports (PBS) to address the behavioural needs of children challenged by disabilities has expanded. There is evidence to support the utility of PBS in reducing challenging behaviour among students. However, successful schools are also gauged by the academic achievement of their students. Hence, it is important to examine the extent to which behavioural outcomes are related to academic outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which PBS interventions aimed at reducing challenging behaviour result in corresponding improvement in academic achievement. A meta‐analysis of extant research indicated a positive correlation of 0.40 between improvement in problem behaviour and academic achievement. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://youtu.be/c9OUU0GkGrw .     

FIRST YEAR IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROJECT-BASED LEARNING APPROACH: THE NEED FOR ADDRESSING TEACHERS�� ORIENTATIONS IN THE ERA OF REFORM

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which three teachers’ professional experience and existing orientations toward teaching and learning mathematics and science influenced their implementation of a project-based curriculum (i.e. project-based learning (PBL)). Data sources included interviews, videotapes of classroom activity, and a teaching philosophy questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using an iterative coding technique. We found coherency between the teachers’ perceived orientations and their emergent ideas about PBL, their sense of PBL as being compatible with their goals, and the specific challenges with which they struggled. All the teachers wanted their students to be successful; however, different definitions of success led to quite different approaches toward teaching, and for the most part, these differences appeared to have occurred because of existing orientations the teachers held for teaching their discipline. Implications for professional development taking into account teachers’ orientations and thus their professional experience are discussed, as well as disciplinary challenges to using PBL.     

终身学习能力构成及能力项关系的研究

终身教育体系构建是新颁布的<国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)>中的重要内容,搭建终身学习"立交桥"已成为实现个人发展的重要途径.终身学习能力由来自不同方面的能力项组成,它们之间存在一定关系,共同影响着终身学习活动的开展.基于对终身学习能力组成的国际研究分析,本研究利用调查研究、相关分析和最邻近元素分析等方法探索终身学习能力核心能力项之间的关系,并形成核心能力项的关系图.研究结果表明,自主学习能力、信息素养、问题解决能力、批判性思维能力、持之以恒的能力以及自我评价能力相互影响、相互支持,共同成为终身学习能力的核心能力项研究.研究将有助于清楚地认识终身学习能力的构成,并为开展终身学习和教育活动提供重要基础.     

继续教育发展与数字化学习的若干思考

本文在简析数字化学习和继续教育发展的历史、现状和趋势基础上,阐释了数字化学习特点和优势及其对继续教育发展的可能影响,从数字化学习与继续教育发展的契合点中,提出若干问题与对策。     

普通教育机构内低幼儿童语言障碍情况的调查报告

本研究采用分层抽样法，在江苏省南京地区调查了年龄为4～9岁的112O名儿童。结果分析中我们看到，在这些普教机构中，儿童语言障碍的平均发生率是4．02％；学龄前儿童语言障碍发生率略高于学龄儿童；其中男童的比率明显高于女童，前者4．93％，后者2．93％。同时发现，尽管学科教师普遍赞同对语言障碍儿童进行各种特殊治疗，但这些儿童仅有17．8％接受过语言矫治。因此我们呼吁，全社会都来关注语言障碍儿童的研究，并期待一完整的特殊教育体系，满足语言障碍儿童需要。     

Goethe’s Conception of “Experiment as Mediator” and Implications for Practical Work in School Science

There has been growing criticism over the aims, methods, and contents of practical work in school science, particularly concerning their tendency to oversimplify the scientific practice with focus on the hypothesis-testing function of experiments. In this article, we offer a reading of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s scientific writings—particularly his works on color as an exquisite articulation of his ideas about experimentation—through the lens of practical school science. While avoiding the hasty conclusions made from isolated experiments and observations, Goethe sought in his experiments the interconnection among diverse natural phenomena and rejected the dualistic epistemology about the relation of humans and nature. Based on a close examination of his color theory and its underlying epistemology, we suggest three potential contributions that Goethe’s conception of scientific experimentation can make to practical work in school science.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose,insulin and glucagon levels

SUBJECTSANDMETHODSSubjectsTwenty four 2 1to 2 4yearsoldhealthymedi calstudentsenrolledinZhejiangUniversityCol legeofMedicinevolunteeredforthestudy .Theyconsistedof1 1malesand 1 3femalesweightsallwithinthenormalrangefortheirheightaccordingtoChinesenorms.Me…