从藏品到展品，从沉默者到讲述者——科学博物馆藏品向展品的转化模式与传播效果分析

现代科学博物馆与传统珍品收藏所的根本区别之一,即“藏品转化为展品”。对于科学博物馆来说,其展览品质和功能的实现,很大程度上取决于藏品转化为展品的深度和质量。通过理论研究和实践分析,笔者提出“图文转化”“多媒体转化”“机械与机电互动转化”和“叙事场景转化”四种藏品向展品的转化模式,旨在充分激活藏品功能,挖掘出其中的信息内涵并呈现给观众,最终实现展品展陈及博物馆教育的多重价值。     

A nonlinear dynamic macro-element for demand assessment of bridge substructures subjected to ship collision

For the dynamic demand assessment of bridge structures under ship impact loading, it may be prudent to adopt analytical models which permit rapid analysis with reasonable accuracy. Herein, a nonlinear dynamic macro-element is proposed and implemented to quantify the demand of bridge substructures subjected to ship collisions. In the proposed nonlinear macro-element, a combination of an elastic-plastic spring and a dashpot in parallel is employed to describe the mechanical behavior of ship-bows with strain rate effects. Based on the analytical model using the proposed macro-element, a typical substructure under 5000 deadweight tonnage (DWT) ship collision is discussed. Our analyses indicate that the responses of the structure using the nonlinear macro-element agree with the results from the high resolution model, but the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method increase significantly in practical applications. Furthermore, comparisons between some current design codes (AASHTO, JTGD60-2004, and TB10002.1-2005) and the developed dynamic analysis method suggest that these design codes may be improved, at least to consider the effect of dynamic amplification on structural demand.     

Study on heavy metal concentrations in river sediments through the total amount evaluation method

A quantitative method to evaluate the amounts of heavy metals in river sediments is established. Using the BT Drainage River in North China as a study object, six representative cross sections were selected for measurement of heavy metal indicators in sediments, and then the main contamination indicators were determined by performing a potential ecological risk assessment. Using a section of this river as an example, the total amounts of the main pollution indicators and those of their harmful forms are estimated by the Surfer software, which simulates the pollution status within the downstream sediments of the outfall at this section. The calculation results could provide a theoretical guideline and data support for pollution treatment of the BT Drainage River.     

Disgust,Need for Affect,and Responses to Microbiome Research

Contributing to the literature on affective processing and attitude formation, this study investigates the effects of a discrete emotion (disgust) and an emotional disposition (need for affect [NFA]) on support for regulation in the context of microbiome research. Data from a web-based experiment (N = 1,005) showed that experienced disgust mediated the effect of disgust-eliciting information on support for regulation. This mediated relationship was moderated by NFA. More specifically, NFA moderated the path between experienced disgust and regulatory attitudes but not that between message exposure and experienced disgust. The two dimensions of NFA played different moderating roles: Emotional approach amplified the relationship between disgust and the attitudinal outcome, whereas emotional avoidance attenuated it. The study furthers understanding about how NFA influences emotional processing and contributes to research on disgust as a relatively understudied discrete emotion.     

FluidSIM在高职液压传动课程改革中的应用

介绍了德国Festo公司液压传动教学仿真软件FluidSIM的功能。结合实例说明了FluidSIM软件在液压传动课程改革中的应用,营造了"教、学、做"一体化的教学环境,有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学习效果。     

Buckling response of offshore pipelines under combined tension, bending, and external pressure

The buckle and collapse of offshore pipeline subjected to combined actions of tension, bending, and external pressure during deepwater installation has drawn a great deal of attention. Extended from the model initially proposed by Kyriakides and his co-workers, a 2D theoretical model which can successfully account for the case of simultaneous tension, bending, and external pressure is further developed. To confirm the accuracy of this theoretical method, numerical simulations are conducted using a 3D finite element model within the framework of ABAQUS. Excellent agreement between the results validates the effectiveness of this theoretical method. The model is then used to study the effects of several important factors such as load path, material properties, and diameter-to-thickness ratio, etc., on buckling behaviors of the pipes. Based upon parametric studies, a few significant conclusions are drawn, which aims to provide the design guidelines for deepwater pipeline with solid theoretical basis.     

西部欠发达地区学前教育发展现状与对策——以贵州省为例

近年来,在政府的大力支持和全省人民的共同努力下,贵州省的学前教育事业得到了健康、快速的发展,社会各界开始重视学前教育,管理逐步规范,办学体制不断得到完善。但在发展过程中也存在一定的困难和问题,如管理制度不够健全、发展不平衡、没有稳定的经费保障、师资欠缺等。因此,结合国家中长期教育发展规划纲要关于学前教育的相关规定,探讨贵州省学前教育发展的目标与措施显得相当重要。     

Multichannel blind CT image restoration via variable splitting and alternating direction method

Computed tomography(CT) blurring caused by point spread function leads to errors in quantification and visualization. In this paper, multichannel blind CT image restoration is proposed to overcome the effect of point spread function. The main advantage from multichannel blind CT image restoration is to exploit the diversity and redundancy of information in different acquisitions. The proposed approach is based on a variable splitting to obtain an equivalent constrained optimization formulation, which is addressed with the alternating direction method of multipliers and simply implemented in the Fourier domain. Numerical experiments illustrate that our method obtains a higher average gain value of at least 1.21 d B in terms of Q metric than the other methods, and it requires only 7 iterations of alternating minimization to obtain a fast convergence.     

小学生到底喜欢什么样的学习资源*--梅耶多媒体学习原则对数字原住民适用性的实证研究

根据资源偏好和学习难度为学习者提供个性化资源,是数字教材应该具备的功能。上世纪末梅耶等人提出的多媒体学习原则,曾在学习资源设计与开发中发挥了重要的指导作用。那么为数字原住民设计数字教材时,这些原则是否依然适用？该文以72名小学生作为被试,研究他们对资源类型、组合方式和难度的学习偏好,从而验证梅耶理论对数字原住民的适用性。结果发现被试的偏好选择与梅耶的多媒体学习原则基本吻合,但也出现了一些偏差。该文的结论为数字教材中个性化学习资源推送策略提供了实证基础。     

通识教育的理想类型

世界性的通识教育依据其哲学基础、课程体系和历史路径可以划分为美国模式和欧洲模式两大类型.美国模式的通识教育视通识教育为一门独立的学科,特征是本科前两年课程模块设置突出自由教育的特征,强调课程设置的本科生学习自我建构,后两年则以专业规格设置课程体系.欧洲大学通识教育的特色是以专业教育的形式实现通识教育的目标,他们否定共同课程的有效性,认为通识教育的目标必须通过正式或非正式的方法,将通识教育课程结合到整个大学的学术活动中.每一种模式都指向其合法性基础,即精英教育和自由教育的价值预设,并有效达成.欧美不同范型的通识教育说明,即便是相同的教育目标,也没有统一或不变的模式,每一种教育模式的背后都是历史文化与国家民族特色的印记.