An Analysis of Playground Surface Injuries

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the development of skill competence and tactical sophistication during a games unit conducted following the features of sport education provided by Siedentop (1994). One team of six players was followed through a 30-lesson season of “Ultimate.” Using Gréhaigne, Godbout, and Bouthier's (1997) formula for an efficiency index, together with a number of other measures of skill and tactical competence, it was determined that these students made significant improvements in selection and execution dimensions of the game. Furthermore, lower skilled students did not feel marginalized within their teams and believed they had equal opportunities for improvement. The key reasons for developing competence in this setting were the sufficient length of the season to allow for significant practice opportunities and the consistent team membership throughout season, which allowed all players to develop a sense of usefulness. This curriculum model provides one way students can develop skills through a system of game playing, provided sport education units are structured to prevent the more skillful players from dominating the games.     

Age Differences in Children's Ability to Model Motor Behavior

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of modeling behavior for seven- and nine-year-old children, 30 seven-year-old and 30 nine-year-old females were randomly assigned within age level to three groups. These groups differed according to whether a model was presented at the beginning, midway, or not at all during 12 trials on the stabilometer. Both age groups were found to be similar in performance in the no model condition and, for both age groups, the beginning model condition was found to facilitate performance. However, the introduction of the model after six trials had a detrimental effect on the performance of younger children but facilitated older children's performance. These findings were interpreted in light of a likely increase in the processing capacity of nine year olds as well as an increase in the number of movement schemes that were previously stored in the older girls.     

男子跳远运动员膝关节肌等速向心收缩的肌力研究

利用cybex-770等速测试与康复系统,对17名一级男子跳远运动员起跳腿的膝关节进行了等速向心收缩测试。所测试的指标包括相对峰力矩、相对总功、相对平均功率、峰力矩屈伸比等,对这些指标进行综合分析,并且结合跳远运动项目下肢肌最大力量和爆发力的项目特点,为优秀运动员有针对性的力量训练提供参考依据。     

校园足球视角下核心素养能力的发展路径

运用文献资料等研究方法,对我国校园足球核心素养提出的背景和概念进行阐述以及在培养过程中所面临的困境进行分析。认为:学校各级地方学校在开展校园足球的过程中过于注重奖杯和名次导致校园足球“荣誉化”;体教分离导致学生缺乏主观能动性;学校,学生,家长之间的矛盾妨碍了校园足球发展的稳定;学校对校园足球存在认知和定位上的误区。建议:不断创新教学模式加强教师自身素养,培养学生自我认知能力;构建交流平台,培养合作精神;加强思想建设,学会宽容理解;打破传统思维,培养创新精神。     

Determination of the swing technique characteristics and performance outcome relationship in golf driving for low handicap female golfers

Abstract

Previous studies on the kinematics of the golf swing have mainly focused on group analysis of male golfers of a wide ability range. In the present study, we investigated gross body kinematics using a novel method of analysis for golf research for a group of low handicap female golfers to provide an understanding of their swing mechanics in relation to performance. Data were collected for the drive swings of 16 golfers using a 12-camera three-dimensional motion capture system and a stereoscopic launch monitor. Analysis of covariance identified three covariates (increased pelvis–thorax differential at the top of the backswing, increased pelvis translation during the backswing, and a decrease in absolute backswing time) as determinants of the variance in clubhead speed (adjusted r ² = 0.965, P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between left-hand grip strength and clubhead speed (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) and between handicap and clubhead speed (r = ?0.612, P < 0.05). Flexibility measures showed some correlation with clubhead speed; both sitting flexibility tests gave positive correlations (clockwise: r = 0.522, P < 0.05; counterclockwise: r = 0.711, P < 0.01). The results suggest that there is no common driver swing technique for optimal performance in low handicap female golfers, and therefore consideration should be given to individual swing characteristics in future studies.     

Dechlorination by combined electrochemical reduction and oxidation

INTRODUCTION Chlorinated phenols compounds used widely in industry were intentionally or inadvertently released into environment in large quantities. These chlorin-ated aromatic compounds have strong resistance to physical, chemical and biological treatments and have been listed as a priority pollutant by the U.S. Envi-ronmental Protection Agency (Lin and Tseng, 1999). Wastewater containing chlorophenols has malodor-ous odor, high toxicity, bioaccumulation and car-cinogenic potential. …     

浅析法学本科教育的培养目标

法学教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,在我国的民主法制建设中,承担着培养法律人才,传播法律知识,弘扬法治精神的重要任务。法学教育的培养目标是法学教育的基本出发点,具有以法学专业知识为主体的多元知识结构、从事法律职业的实践能力和较强的合作意识与合作能力,是新世纪法学本科教育的培养目标。     

Parent Resource Centers: An Innovative Mechanism for Parental Involvement in School Choice Decisions

This qualitative investigation reports on the use of Parent Resource Centers (PRCs) as a mechanism for parental involvement in public school choice decisions. Interviews with parents and staff at seven PRCs in Florida revealed that PRCs employ multiple strategies to communicate choice information to parents: community-, school- and media-based outreach; outreach to hard-to-reach parents; and collaboration with other agencies. Personalized assistance and provision of choice materials are also highlighted as useful strategies. Results indicate that there is low level of awareness about school choice options among parents and thus clear and consistent communication of choice information is needed. While PRCs hold promise for increasing parental engagement in school choice, structural and systemic barriers to exercising choice decisions such as transportation and collaboration between schools and PRCs should be addressed. Methodologically, this study illustrates the power of triangulating data from parents and PRCs to illuminate our understanding of how parents make choice decisions.     

An Innovative Course Featuring Action Research Integrated with Unifying Science Themes

In this article, we describe an innovative capstone course for preservice K-8 teachers integrating action research and a unifying theme in science (AAAS in Science for all Americans. Oxford University Press, New York, 1989; NRC in National science education standards. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996). The goals of the capstone course are to increase student knowledge of the unifying theme, improve written communication skills, and introduce students to educational research. We provide evidence that each of these goals is met. Student growth in theme knowledge is demonstrated through concept maps, questionnaires, and previously reported assessments. Improved writing ability is demonstrated using the spelling and grammar checking feature of Microsoft Word. The analysis of action research reports demonstrates that students are able to connect their action research project results to previous research.