Functional reading difficulties in Denmark

In this first Danish study of adult reading skills, 1124 adults between 18 and 67 years of age participated in an interview about reading habits and skills, and 445 were tested individually at home using six common texts. Great care was taken to ascertain that subjects were representative of the whole adult population and that the texts covered most types of everyday reading. Three percent of the participants were found to have severe functional reading difficulties and a further 9 percent to have moderate difficulties. Regression analyses found several unique predictors of reading difficulties: age (adults over 45 years reading more poorly than younger adults), limited basic education, no vocational training nor higher education, and a small amount of reading needed at work. The rate of poor readers was about four times higher among persons with low income than among others. Men and women read equally well although men tended to rate themselves lower as readers than women did. Methodological issues and some educational implications are discussed.     

Evaluating and comparing Singaporean and Taiwanese eighth graders’ conceptions of science assessment

Background: Researchers have indicated that assessment practices and methods should support learners’ construction of meaningful understanding of knowledge. Understanding students’ conceptions of assessment will enable us to construct more realistic, valid and fair assessments. Learners’ conceptualization of assessment would be imperative to serve as an essential reference to evaluate their learning progress.

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared the Singaporean and Taiwanese middle school students’ conceptions of science assessment. Within-country gender comparisons were also explored.

Sample: 424 Taiwanese and 333 Singaporean eighth graders were invited for a cross-country comparison.

Design and methods: The participants completed a questionnaire named Conceptions of Science Assessment.

Results: The findings showed that the summative assessment dominates in the Taiwanese classrooms, while formative and summative assessment are usually perceived in Singaporean classrooms. The Singaporean students had a greater tendency than their Taiwanese counterparts to perceive the purpose of assessment as a way of reproducing knowledge, and the formative assessment as improving learning, problem-solving, and critical judgment. No gender differences were found among either the Singaporean or the Taiwanese students.

Conclusions: Educators in both countries should provide learners with more opportunities to experience process-oriented science assessment activities and de-emphasize the usage of examination-oriented practices to achieve the sophistication of conceptions.     

一类多全方位移动机器人动力学系统的镇定

本文考虑了由 2个全方位移动机器人组成的混合动力学系统的协调拟镇定问题 .利用机器人位置之间的向量与机器人目标之间向量的内积 ,设计了多步拟镇定律 ,该控制律能够在避碰后按指数速率运动到目标点 ,且在整个过程中两机器人之间的距离不小于避碰的安全距离 .最后对 2个全方位移动机器人进行了仿真 ,验证了所给方法的有效性     

土木工程测量实践教学环节内容和模式的探讨

笔者根据多年的教学实践和调研,按照学校创建研究型综合大学的要求,对土木工程测量实践环节进行了适应性改革,将平时的实验内容由认识型转变为任务驱动操作型,将集中实习内容由传统的测图和放样为主拓展为以课题设计形式,其中包括各类地形图应用和工程测量内容的新型实践模式。     

高校贵重仪器设备使用效益评价指标体系研究

针对高校贵重仪器设备利用率低、重复购置、一些设备管理人员技术水平不高的问题,从影响贵重仪器设备使用效益的主要因素着手进行分析,利用层次分析法(AHP)构建高校贵重仪器设备的使用效益评价指标体系,并对指标体系进行分析,为贵重仪器设备的科学管理提供依据.     

英语报刊阅读 实践学习中的升华

英语报刊的阅读材料来源丰富,语言通俗、鲜活,内容真实有趣,有助于学生英语学习。英语报刊的标题是"文眼",它用最凝练的语言高度概括了一篇文章的内容,学生了解了英语新闻标题的特点,就会在阅读英语新闻报道的第一时间,排除阅读标题的语法障碍,很快从标题中抓住文章的主要信息。英语报刊的新闻导语按内容展开的方式分为直接式导语和延缓式导语,学生注重导语行文语言并熟悉要点,有利于概括能力的提高。英语报刊新闻篇章的结构主要有倒金字塔结构和解释性报道,只要学生熟悉篇章结构,就能迅速抓住重要信息。英语报刊中表达新事物、新概念的新词不断涌现,然后流行于世,学生经常阅读,能扩大词汇量,增强语感,领会词汇的内涵。     

Multicultural chemistry and the nature of science: but what about knowledge?

In response to Goff, Boesdorfer, and Hunter??s article on the use of a multicultural approach to teaching chemistry and the nature of science, I forward this critical reflective essay to discuss more general curriculum aspects of the relationship between the nature of science and science education in school contexts. Taking a social realist perspective, I argue for a more nuanced understanding of the role of epistemology and ontology in science classrooms, and for a reconsideration of the role of knowledge in science classrooms.     

学前教育财政投入的效率问题与政府责任

本文选择江苏省51个县作为样本,根据Pastor的方法确定投入产出指标,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)研究学前教育财政投入效率,并分析各级政府在提高教育财政投入效率中的责任。研究发现:无论从均值还是有效样本县比重看,学前教育财政投入效率整体都很低。各级政府需分别从规划责任、财政责任、监管责任厘清各自的分工和职责,保障我国学前教育健康发展。     

我国学前教育财政投入问题探析

当前我国学前教育的发展明显受制于经费投入的不足,其中政府财政投入不足是重要因素之一。本文通过问卷调查、实地调研、文献研究、统计数据分析及国际比较研究,用数据分析了学前教育在财政投入总量、财政投入结构及财政投入分配上的实际状况。研究表明,当前我国学前教育财政投入明显存在总量不足、分配不均、结构失衡等问题。