在线课程中的潜伏及其对多元文化交互的寓意(英文)

随着在线活动的不断增多,就有必要了解不同的用户.潜伏者和潜伏现象在各种类型的在线交互中都普遍存在,然而对潜伏的概念可能存在一定误解.在多元文化的在线交互中,不同文化对交互的看法是不一样的,对于那些英语作为第二语言或者外语的学习者来说,他们在理解和开展各种各样基于语言的交流过程中有着不同的需求.潜伏可能是一种可行的在线交互方式,而不是一种不参与交互的方式.     

Developmental Pathways Between Infant Gestures and Symbolic Actions,and Children’s Communicative Skills at Age 5: Findings From the All Our Families Pregnancy Cohort

Using data from the All Our Families study, a longitudinal study of 1992 mother-child dyads in Canada (47.7% female; 81.9% White), we examined the developmental pathways between infant gestures and symbolic actions and communicative skills at age 5. Communicative gestures at age 12 months (e.g., pointing, nodding head “yes”), obtained via parental report, predicted stronger general communicative skills at age 5 years. Moreover, greater use of symbolic actions (e.g., “feeding” a stuffed animal with a bottle) indirectly predicted increased communicative skills at age 5 via increased productive vocabulary at 24 months. These pathways support the hypothesis that children’s communicative skills during the transition to kindergarten emerge from a chain of developmental abilities starting with gestures and symbolic actions during infancy.     

Going Critical: Perspective and Proportion in the Epistemology of Rob Kling

One foundational element of Rob Kling's research and writing is his critical perspective on the nature, role, and dynamics of computerization. His main argument was that one should view as dubious any statements that are not grounded in empirical evidence or theoretical analysis. Rob's work was replete with critical refutation, in which he challenged assumptions or statements about computerization and provided alternative interpretations. Much of his work delivered indictments against hyperbolic statements that claimed either utopian or dystopian outcomes from computerization. However, some of his own writings on emerging technologies tended to be dismissive and marginalizing, revealing in his own work some of the weaknesses he pointed out in others' rhetoric and writing. This article identifies intellectual traps inherent in critical perspectives that can catch even the most acute practitioners. The objective is to help elucidate and stabilize the epistemological foundations for Rob's critical perspective on the role of computerization.     

Forgiveness as an educational goal with at-risk adolescents

An educational intervention using forgiveness as the goal was implemented with 10 at-risk adolescents attending an alternative school in a Midwestern city. The adolescents ranged in age from 15 to 19 years of age. A randomized experimental and active control group pre- and post-test design was used. Twenty-one participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (forgiveness education class) or the control group (personal communications class). Classes met daily for 31 sessions for approximately 23 hours of education. Enright’s process model of forgiveness was used as the focus of the intervention. Dependent variables included forgiveness, self-esteem, hope, depression, and state-trait anxiety scales. After the education, the experimental group gained more than the control group in forgiveness and hope, and decreased significantly more than the control group in anxiety and depression. Verbal reports from the experimental participants following the education also illustrate the positive impact forgiveness had on the students.     

Family Assessment and Collaboration Building: Conjoined processes

Experience and research have shown that there are several discrepancies between philosophy, research, and practice regarding family involvement in early intervention and the use of family assessment information in determining early intervention goals. This article addresses these discrepancies and presents information to facilitate ideal family involvement in early intervention. Strategies for conducting family assessments while building collaborative partnerships with families are presented. Characteristics which produce effective collaborative partnerships are reviewed. The reality of working with families is presented through two vignettes and, finally, working with families who do not conform to expectations of ideal family involvement in family assessment or collaborative partnerships is discussed.     

Deserts on the sea floor: Edward Forbes and his azoic hypothesis for a lifeless deep ocean

While dredging in the Aegean Sea during the mid-19th century, Manxman Edward Forbes noticed that plants and animals became progressively more impoverished the greater the depth they were from the surface of the water. By extrapolation Forbes proposed his now infamous azoic hypothesis, namely that life would be extinguished altogether in the murky depths of the deep ocean. The whole idea seemed so entirely logical given the enormous pressure, cold and eternal darkness of this apparently uninhabitable environment. Yet we now know that the sea floor is teeming with life. Curiously, it took 25 years for the azoic hypothesis to fall from grace. This was despite the presence of ample contrary evidence, including starfishes, worms and other organisms that seemingly originated from the deep seabed. This is a tale of scientists ignoring observations that ran counter to their deep-seated, yet entirely erroneous, beliefs.     

Automatic train control based on magnetic bridge

This system of automatic train control employs an alternating magnetic Wheatstone bridge for receiving stop indications from inert track inductors, whereby air brakes of a train approaching a danger zone are operated to stop the train. The bridge is a reversible variocoupled transformer, and the inductor is a flux-reverser and phase shifter. A “reflector” reactor at the signal permits clear indications of the train control and prevents false clear indications if the cable between the reflector and the inductor should become short-circuited. The magnetic bridge is adaptable to many uses in other industries, and is extensively used for detecting vehicles in street traffic control systems.     

明日计划

未来我们住哪？我们的城市什么样？建筑师和工程师都为未来做好了准备。这些充满创意的概念化结构可以减少污染、自行加热,还能为我们所有人提供电力。