质量意识与图书制作环节的质量控制

质量是出版物的生命。质量意识已成为出版社生存发展的重要基础。就图书的出版流程而言,出版制作环节最能直接体现质量意识的落实结果。众所周知,一本图书的出版从列选开始,编辑组稿初审,部主任复审,总编终审后将原稿发到出版人员手里,即按发稿单所列诸如开本、版式、装订方式等要求进行设计、配料,然后选厂制版、印订,并按周期要求及时掌握进度,按质、按量、按时进栈。       

用图像扫描仪处理科技图书插图的探索

在科技书稿的编辑加工过程中,常常会碰到许多插图,大多数为由点、线、圆弧等元素组成的墨线图,如:电路原理图、机械结构图、化工流程图、光谱色谱图以及图表、曲线图等。       

校对工作者的知识结构模式

“图书质量保证体系”把校对工作列为图书质量中期保障的一部分,对校对工作的作用和责任作了严格的规定,并明确了付印前的“三校一读”制度,特别指出终校应由具备中级职称的专业校对人员担任。这些规定,无疑将有效地提高图书质量,同时也对校对人员的工作提出了更高的要求。       

降低图书生产制作成本的有效途径

图书的生产制作成本是出版社一项非常重要的工作,如何降低图书生产制作成本一直是出版社经营工作中一种锲而不舍的追求。降低生产成本应该成为任何一个经营管理者的习惯本能和基本职责,成为一种不断探索和反复使用的思维方法。       

超声波在柔性版印刷和凹版印刷上的应用

均匀而且一致地将油墨转印到纸张上是高质量印刷的关键。在最终的印刷品上,由于这方面的变化会导致阶调的变化以及无法预料的颜色变化。在柔性版印刷和凹版印刷中,油墨是通过滚筒上的墨穴来传送的。       

Indigo数字式彩色印刷机家族又添新成员

北京昆仑电子印刷技术公司,于1995年引进以色列Indigo数字式彩色一体化印刷机,是世界上最先进的数字式印刷机,也是当时国内第一台数字式印刷机。Indigo数字式印刷机以它独特的革命性的印刷方式向传统印刷工艺方式挑战,令人耳目一新。       

The Significance of Scientific Capital in UK Medical Education

For decades, debates over medical curriculum reform have centred on the role of science in medical education, but the meaning of ‘science’ in this domain is vague and the persistence of the debate has not been explained. Following Bourdieu, this paper examines struggles over legitimate knowledge and the forms of capital associated with science in contemporary UK medical education. Data are presented from a study of two UK medical schools, one with a traditional, science-oriented curriculum, another with an integrated curriculum. Constructions of legitimate knowledge were explored at both schools through six months participant observation, interviews with faculty members (n=15) and students (n=37) and documentary analysis. Findings show that medical schools compete for both scientific and clinical capital, but ultimately science has greater legitimacy. ‘Science’ is defined in accordance with the structure of the traditional curriculum and has become a symbolic resource – a mark of distinction for both medical schools and medical students – which is equated with clinical competence. The significance of science is circumscribed by the medical education field, yet the struggles for scientific capital there have ramifications beyond medical education itself. It is argued that Bourdieu’s concepts are particularly useful tools for studying the meanings that science takes on outside of the scientific field.     

Bourdieu’s Cleft Sociology of Science

The paper examines Pierre Bourdieu’s extensive writings on the production of scientific knowledge. The study shows that Bourdieu offered not one but two - significantly different - approaches to scientific knowledge production, one formulated in his theoretical, or programmatic, writings on the subject, the other developed in his empirical writings. Addressing the question as to the relevance of Bourdieu’s work for science studies, the analysis argues that the former of these two approaches is at once very visible in Bourdieu’s work but characterized by limitations from the standpoint of scholarship in STS, whereas the latter approach is less conspicuous but of broader empirical value.     

The effect of crank inertial load on the physiological and biomechanical responses of trained cyclists

The existing literature suggests that crank inertial load has little effect on the responses of untrained cyclists. However, it would be useful to be aware of any possible effect in the trained population, particularly considering the many laboratory-based studies that are conducted using relatively low-inertia ergometers. Ten competitive cyclists (mean VO(2max) = 62.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 6.1) attended the human performance laboratories at the University of Wolverhampton. Each cyclist completed two 7-min trials, at two separate inertial loads, in a counterbalanced order. The inertial loads used were 94.2 kg x m(2) (high-inertia trial) and 2.4 kg x m(2) (low-inertia trial). Several physiological and biomechanical measures were undertaken. There were no differences between inertial loads for mean peak torque, mean minimum torque, oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentration or perceived exertion. Several measures showed intra-individual variability with blood lactate concentration and mean minimum torque, demonstrating coefficients of variation > 10%. However, the results presented here are mostly consistent with previous work in suggesting that crank inertial load has little direct effect on either physiology or propulsion biomechanics during steady-state cycling, at least when cadence is controlled.     

Effects of time of day and distance upon accuracy and consistency of throwing darts

We examined variations in dart-throwing performance during the daytime in 12 participants. Two distances from the dartboard were investigated - the normal distance (short throws) and another 50% further away than this (long throws). Intra-aural temperature and subjective fatigue were measured, and errors in performance were assessed as the radial distances of throws from the bulls-eye and the standard deviation of these distances. Long-distance throws improved significantly throughout the daytime and correlated positively with intra-aural temperature (r= -0.49, P=0.002 and r= -0.49, P=0.002 for errors and standard deviation of errors, respectively), but not with subjective fatigue (r= -0.10, P=0.56 and r= -0.05, P=0.74 for errors and standard deviation of errors, respectively). Short-distance throws were associated less with intra-aural temperature (r= -0.46, P= 0.005 and r= -0.17, P=0.31 for errors and standard deviation of errors, respectively), and worsened with fatigue (r=+0.34, P= 0.040 for errors). Compared with the short-distance throws, the long-distance throws were performed significantly less well than could be accounted for by the increased distance (mean errors were increased 1.67-2.78 times and standard deviation of errors of errors 1.58-3.68 times), supporting the concept of a trade-off between force of contraction and accuracy of performance. Throwing darts can be used as a model for investigating factors that influence motor performance, and our results indicate that the effects of time of day upon performance depend upon the relative importance of force and accuracy.