First-year University Students of Educational Sciences on Inclusive Education: Attitudes and convictions in Flanders

Inclusion does not yet exist in Flanders, and the realisation of its idea is advancing with difficulty. Three years ago a new curriculum for educational sciences was set up at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, aimed at forming experts in inclusive education at university level. It is expected that students, having undergone this kind of training, will have an open mind and a positive attitude towards inclusive education. Attitudes and beliefs concerning inclusive education play an important part in its implementation. This study intends to assess the attitude of VUB students to inclusion and inclusive education. First-year students (150) were asked to fill in a questionnaire. They all took two introductory courses on inclusive education. The questionnaire appears useful, but needs fine tuning. The belief that attitudes towards inclusion consist of three separate dimensions, as shown by previous research, can no longer be upheld. Students do not really opt for inclusion. They do not oppose inclusion and inclusive education, but they do not advocate it either. This study suggests that inclusive education in Flanders faces an insecure future.     

城市生活与达斡尔族传统文化

本文运用民族学的理论知识,主要从城市达斡尔族对其传统文化的了解、保持、传承情况着手论述,进一步分析城市生活对达斡尔族日常生活和传统文化发展的影响以及达斡尔族传统文化对城市文化发展、经济发展以及生态文明建设方面的影响。     

The future of HRD

What organizational, technological and training developments will become crucial in the coming years, and what consequences will they have for human resource development? These questions have led to a study carried out by the faculty of Educational Science and Technology at the University of Twente, in the Netherlands. The ultimate aim of the study was to create an inventory of trends and developments which professionals deem to be influential with regard to the future HRD field. One direct catalyst for the study was the report of a similar study in the United States, involving HRD executives, carried out by the American Society for Training & Development. Following a brief explanation of the research plan and methods, this article describes the findings of the Dutch study an compares these with the results of the American research. It concludes with comments regarding the implications of the information obtained through this investigation.     

Basic Problems of Continuing Engineering Education in Developing Countries: transfer of technology from developed to developing countries by CEE

This paper deals with three basic areas concerned with CEE in developing countries:     

Problem-based Learning in Architecture: Problems of Integration of Technical Disciplines

Recently, problem-based learning (PBL) has gained a lot of interest in engineering education. The Faculties of Architecture in Newcastle (Australia) and Delft (Holland) were among the first to embrace this new educational methodology. The article summarizes the characteristics of PBL and describes the architecture curricula at Newcastle and Delft. Among others, PBL aims at integrating different subjects. An analysis of Newcastle and Delft curricula reveals a common problem in the integration of technical disciplines like structures. The article proposes a solution within a general PBL framework     

浅谈北方三少民族传统生态观

本文基于人类学视角,运用民族学的理论知识,主要从三少民族的自然崇拜、禁忌、习惯、民间文学着手论述其传统的生态观,并简要分析传统文化在保护生态环境方面的客观作用。对三少民族而言,生态保护是民族传统文化的重要元素,其传统文化体现了三少数民族生存方式中的生态智慧,体现了尊重和保护环境的朴素生态观。     

What Do Educational Mismatches Tell Us About Skill Mismatches? A Cross‐country Analysis

The relationship between higher education and employment is commonly interpreted in terms of the extent to which the higher education sector is providing graduates with the knowledge and skills to match employment needs. It is assumed that a mismatch between working in a job and level or field of education limits the use of skills, with adverse effects on both productivity and earnings. This article examines this assumption on the basis of five countries from the European graduate survey (CHEERS data). Although the analysis shows that educational and skill mismatches are indeed related, mismatches by no means imply mismatches between available and required knowledge and skills. The results indicate that traditional approaches of mismatches have to be adapted to more flexible forms of relationships between higher education and work.     

浅析西藏图书馆藏文图书编目自动化

随着现代网络信息技术的不断发展,藏文图书编目也在逐渐采用各种计算机信息管理系统,文章介绍了西藏图书馆藏文图书编目从传统到自动化的转型过程,从而阐述了ILASII环境下藏文图书编目的优势和不足,最后提出了完善藏文图书编目的策略。     

Foreign Language Command: definition and description

The authors give a critical survey of the model of communicative competence underlying van Ek's Scope and Levels, written for the Council of Europe as a follow‐up of The Threshold Level of 1975‐76. Although generally in favour of van Ek's new approach, the authors find that van Ek's model lacks breadth of definition of strategic competence. This leads to some unclarity and confusion in van Ek's proposals. The authors also regret that van Ek does not allot a greater role to compensatory strategies in the assessment of levels of language command.