Effects of drop sets with resistance training on increases in muscle CSA,strength, and endurance: a pilot study

To investigate the effects of a single high-load (80% of one repetition maximum [1RM]) set with additional drop sets descending to a low-load (30% 1RM) without recovery intervals on muscle strength, endurance, and size in untrained young men. Nine untrained young men performed dumbbell curls to concentric failure 2–3 days per week for 8 weeks. Each arm was randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions: 3 sets of high-load (HL, 80% 1RM) resistance exercise, 3 sets of low-load [LL, 30% 1RM] resistance exercise, and a single high-load (SDS) set with additional drop sets descending to a low-load. The mean training time per session, including recovery intervals, was lowest in the SDS condition. Elbow flexor muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) increased similarly in all three conditions. Maximum isometric and 1RM strength of the elbow flexors increased from pre to post only in the HL and SDS conditions. Muscular endurance measured by maximum repetitions at 30% 1RM increased only in the LL and SDS conditions. A SDS resistance training program can simultaneously increase muscle CSA, strength, and endurance in untrained young men, even with lower training time compared to typical resistance exercise protocols using only high- or low-loads.     

Effects of intense exercise on the physiological and mental condition of female university judoists during a training camp

Abstract

To clarify the physical and mental fatigue caused by intense exercise and the relationship between the two types of fatigue, we examined changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables, neutrophil function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire in 13 female university judoists attending a one-week training camp. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, haemoglobin, leukocyte count, IgG, and phagocytic activity all decreased after the training camp compared with baseline (P ≤ 0.046). Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased after the training camp (P ≤ 0.007). Of the POMS scores, that for Fatigue increased after the training camp (P = 0.041) and that for Vigour decreased (P = 0.042). The changes in several POMS scores correlated with the changes in blood biochemical variables. In particular, the change in Total mood disturbance was negatively associated with changes in myogenic enzymes (P ≤ 0.032). Our results suggest that intense exercise during training camps for female judoists leads to the appearance and accumulation of mental and physical fatigue, which are related to each other.     

基于演化博弈的网络舆情传播的羊群效应研究*

鉴于我国的特殊国情和庞大的网民基数,网络舆情对现实社会的影响巨大,并获得广泛关注。羊群效应不仅会影响网络舆情的传播过程,还会影响舆情的最终演化方向。若不对网民群体内部的羊群效应加以引导,可能对社会稳定造成威胁;若政府积极利用,可以使舆情向政府期望的方向演化。为了更好地认识网络舆情传播过程中的羊群效应,将演化博弈理论引入该问题的研究中。首先对羊群效应中的网民、政府进行简要界定,然后分别就网民群体内部、网民和政府之间建立演化博弈模型,并根据模型得出相应的指导意义。最后对本文内容进行简要总结,并指出研究的不足之处和今后的研究方向。     

政府网络舆情信息的需求分析*

各级政府在加强社会管理创新的今天,迫切需要掌握网络舆情来了解社情民意,进行科学决策。从政府产生网络舆情信息需求的内在驱动,政府网络舆情信息需求的特点、结构和类型等方面对政府网络舆情信息的需求进行了系统深入地探讨,并归纳出进行政府网络舆情信息需求分析的一般流程,包括需求调查、需求确认、需求供给、需求跟踪和需求变更几个环节。通过上述分析,旨在为网络舆情信息服务机构的工作展开提供理论依据,从而实现政府决策信息的“按需供应冶。     

创新的直接性政府补贴设计与运用

政府扶持企业创新活动已成为国际上通行的做法.依据企业技术创新不同阶段面临的资金需求,政府会给予企业或特定科研机构一定的直接资助,但由于各种原因出现了研发补贴低效率的现象.鉴于中国的实际情况,把讨论限制在政府直接性研发补贴的设计和使用上,通过一个两阶段博弈模型分析政府与企业在直接研发资助中的行为,对事先补贴与事后补贴的最优选择进行了理论设计.     

大都市圈空间结构研究评述：区域经济发展与知识创造

大都市圈是区域经济在合作与竞争过程中发展到一定阶段的产物,是一种特殊的地域空间组织形式,对区域经济增长起到不客忽视的推动作用,因而成为经济实践与研究的焦点.进入知识经济时代,在区域成为国家战略部署的重要地域单元背景下,选择从区域经济发展和知识流动的角度,对大都市圈空间结构研究的相关文献进行回顾,并做出相应的评价,旨在对社会实践提供理论依据.     

复合铁、镍、铜催化剂用于二氧化碳的资源化（英文）

目的:1.对现有的CO_2重整系统中铁系催化剂进行改进以期获得更高的产率和产物选择性;2.实现反应体系中催化剂的高效回收以延长反应体系的可持续性。创新点:1.开发复合铁、镍、铜催化剂用于水煤气变换反应,获得了更高的产物选择性;2.提高了CO_2重整体系在常压条件下液态烃类的产率。方法:1.由核心沉淀法制得复合铁/氧化铝催化剂;2.在固定床反应器中进行CO_2重整反应。结论:1.干、湿条件下的CO_2重整过程产生相同数量的CO;当温度高于500°C时,CO的产率达到饱和。2.采用镍作为铁催化剂助剂时,CO的选择性从85%降低到76%,但是产物中可检出9%的甲烷。3.采用铜作为铁催化剂助剂时,尽管CO_2的转化率降低了一半,然而CO的选择性提高到了95%。     

Effectiveness of a psycho-educational staff training program on attitudes of staff in a long-term care facility: A pilot study and framework

Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) is a significant challenge for staff working in long-term care facilities. This study examines the effectiveness of a psycho-educational training aimed at changing staff’s attitudes. The results indicated that participants’ attitudes toward dementia were more positive, person-centered, and hopeful; some participants’ attitudes were unchanged or altered negatively after the training sessions. The conclusiveness of evaluation findings was limited due to time constraints for staff to participate in the complete educational program and the small dataset. Further research is indicated to revise the methodology of the training to ascertain if the framework regarding education on dementia influences staff’s attitude and the overall well-being of the residents.     

战略性新兴产业空间形态创新的前沿探析与未来展望

随着经济活动全球化的不断加深,战略性新兴产业的发展对我国实现从资源驱动型向创新驱动型的转变具有重要意义。对战略性新兴产业空间形态创新的概念和内涵进行界定,并从理论和现实层面分析战略性新兴产业空间形态创新研究的意义;同时从战略性新兴产业空间形态创新的理论体系、空间形态创新的测度、演化机理、影响因素以及与区域创新系统的关系5个方面归纳未来战略性新兴产业空间形态创新的研究方向。     

面向网络舆情的动态知识需求分析

明晰网民的知识需求是政府科学回应网络舆情的前提。网民自身的特点使得网民的知识需求具有较大的隐晦性,在网络舆情主体知识需求分析的基础上,提出了网民网络舆情知识需求分析方法,将网民在网络上发布的文本分为质疑和回答两类,分别进行聚类、相似度计算等分析提炼出网民的知识需求,以时间变化为动态因素,对知识库进行动态扩充。根据提炼和表达网民的动态知识需求,为舆情的应对提供了明确的方向。据此进行了实例分析。