家用简易消毒器的制备

根据电解原理，电解饱和食盐水，利用氯气的性质，制备家用消毒液。     

Changes in teachers’ beliefs after a professional development project for teaching writing: two Chinese cases

A plethora of research has found that teachers’ beliefs directly influence their classroom practices and teaching outcomes. While numerous studies in second/foreign language writing have examined the effectiveness of different innovative approaches on students’ learning to write, there is a paucity of research on writing teachers’ beliefs about these approaches and how their beliefs change in the process of their professional development. Such a lacuna becomes prominent in English as a Foreign Language contexts, especially in China, where there are numerous calls for changing the nature of classroom practices from product-focused to process- and student-centred instruction. In order to fill this gap, this brief article reports on a case study regarding changes in two Chinese English teachers’ beliefs after attending a professional development project for teaching writing. A key research question guides this study: What changes, if any, did the two teachers experience in their teaching beliefs during the project? Two writing teachers were voluntarily recruited for a case study. Findings show that the professional development project for teaching writing broadened the teachers’ understanding of different writing theories, provided a clear model of how to integrate these new approaches into regular writing courses, changed their instructional focus and shifted their perception of teachers’ roles in teaching practice.     

理据的场约束及系统运筹——以交通乘用概念的理据为例

本文以交通乘用概念的理据为例,通过多种语言的泛时对比和汉语历时、共时比较,归纳出该概念各种可能理据的集合,比较了它们跟其知识场各常识构件间的匹配关系等．由此进一步证明了马清华（2010,2011）就理据问题提出的场约束原理。但可能的理据并不能自然实现为现实的理据,本文继而以汉语为单一分析材料,通过对其乘用概念的理据运筹活动的详细论证,表明可能的理据能否成功实现为现实理据（即语言对概念表达策略的选择）,取决于言内外多种因素的运筹结果。表达目的、言外的现实和认知条件、言内的形义基础相互作用,协同规定着概念的理据,这就把优先原理进一步发展成为系统运筹原理。本文对场约束原理的进一步证明和所发展出的系统运筹原理丰富、完善了理据理论。     

Determination of genetic relationships between evergreen azalea cultivars in China using AFLP markers

Evergreen azaleas are among the most important ornamental shrubs in China. Today, there are probably over 300 cultivars preserved in different nurseries, but with little information available on the cultivar itself or relationships between cultivars. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were employed to determine the genetic relationships between evergreen azalea cultivars in China. One hundred and thirty genotypes collected from gardens and nurseries, including cultivars classified in the groups East, West, Hairy, and Summer, unknown cultivars, and close species, were analyzed using three primer pairs. A total of 408 polymorphic fragments were generated by AFLP reactions with an average of 136 fragments per primer pair. The average values of expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index were 0.3395 and 0.5153, respectively. Genetic similarities were generated based on Dice coefficients, used to construct a neighbor joining tree, and bootstrapped for 100 replicates in Treecon V1.3b. Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) was performed based on Dice distances using NTSYS-pc software. The AFLP technique was useful for analyzing genetic diversity in evergreen azaleas. Cluster analysis revealed that cultivars in the West and Summer groups were quite distinct from other groups in the four-group classification system and that the East and Hairy groups should be redefined.     

领域本体与社群分类法结构中心性的比较研究

随着领域本体与社群分类法在知识组织研究领域中地位的日渐崛起,越来越多的学者对二者的结构属性展开了研究,一些研究中的模糊与分歧也随之产生.借助复杂网络分析的技术对领域本体网络与用户标签网络中各类中心性指标进行了计算与分析.研究得出,领域本体网络整体上具有较高的中心化程度,但节点的中心度在不同的中心性指标口径下会呈现出较大差异;社群分类法中的用户标签云在整体上内含较高的中心化程度,但在标签的个体层面上也保持了一定的自由化的特性.从结构中心性的视角澄清了模糊与分歧之处.     

未球磨助剂添加量在乳胶制品浸渍过程中的实时检测

利用浊度、电导率、TDS和胶膜表面形貌等测试手段,对添加不同量助剂ZnO的天然乳胶进行测试,利用所获得的数据拟合了对应的工作曲线。这些工作曲线为实时监测天然乳胶浸渍工艺中混入的未完全球磨助剂含量,提供了一种简便可行的方法,从而避免由此引起的乳胶成品中出现砂眼、断痕等缺陷的问题。     

从耗散结构理论分析人体运动器官"用进废退"的理论基础

从耗散结构系统观的角度对体育科学中的“用进废退”现象进行分析,提出人体的运动器官是远离平衡的耗散结构,人体器官的发达或者退化的根本原因是器官的熵变,器官熵值的增加或者减少导致器官向有序或者无序的方向转化,即向运动器官发达或者退化的方向转化。     

实践是大学生成才的金钥匙

针对在校大学生缺乏实践锻炼、影响成长成才的问题,提出了实践是大学生成才的金钥匙的命题,并进一步阐述了实践对于培养大学生运用知识能力和科技创新能力,提高大学生适应社会能力的重要作用.     

从知性转向生活:道德教育的价值回归

知性道德教育剥离生活,使德育陷入抽象、虚假的困境,失去了生命力。生活道德教育回归生活世界,通过生活发出力量,找回了道德教育的价值和效能,成为真正的德育。