Physical Activity Levels and Prompts in Young Children at Recess: A Two-Year Study of a Bi-Ethnic Sample

Abstract

We investigated physical activity and encouragement for activity in a bi-ethnic cohort during recess. Activity and associated interactions of 287 children were recorded at preschool and again 2.2 years later. Children expended nearly twice as much energy at preschool recess than at elementary recess. Activity levels declined as recess time elapsed. At preschool, European-American children engaged in more moderate to vigorous activity than Mexican-Americans. As participants moved to elementary school, teachers' prompts to be active decreased and prompts from peers increased. Boys and girls received similar amounts of activity prompts at preschool, but prompts to boys increased over time. The findings suggest that school environments could be altered to promote healthful physical activity among young children.     

Key Authors in Business and Management Education Research: Productivity,Topics, and Future Directions

Previous studies of author productivity in business and management education (BME) research have focused on single disciplinary areas, and even single journals. This study is the first to examine the productivity of BME scholars across multiple disciplinary areas (i.e., accounting, economics, finance, information systems, management, marketing, and operations/supply chain management). We analyzed a pool of 17 BME journals with the highest hg‐index, by including the top three journals in the accounting and information systems areas, the top two journals in each of the other disciplinary areas, and an interdisciplinary BME journal. This examination covered a 10‐year period (2005‐2014), 4,464 articles and 9,617 article co‐authors. We identified 7,209 unique authors in this pool and ranked their productivity to create a “Key Authors” list. Each of the top 99 authors had five or more articles in our database. Our findings indicate the potential for cross‐disciplinary dissemination of research ideas and opportunities for scholars to enhance their research profile, because even a small increase in productivity can lead to substantial movement in the BME rankings of authors.     

A case study of the apprenticeship process: another perspective on the apprentice and the scaffolding metaphor

This study focused on the apprenticeship opportunities in a collaborative writing context. The examination of written artifacts and discursive interactions revealed that collaborative contexts offered unique participatory spaces that allowed students to use their knowledge in ways that exceeded their independent competence. Of note, too, is that the study revealed students' active and constructive role, refuting the perception that most students with disabilities are passive learners in the teaching-learning process. Implications of the study further suggest the importance of peer collaborations in creating successful literacy apprenticeships, as well as in providing teachers with greater insight into the developmental progress and literacy potentials of their students in the context of situated literacy activity.     

Influencing superiors' perceptions: The fudge factor in teacher and principal evaluation

Studies of leadership in schools traditionally view the nature of power relationships as being top down in direction. This study looks at practices of evaluating teachers and principals to show that avenues for fudging various evaluation processes shape evaluators' decisions, providing a means for lower level participants in school organizations to exercise considerable influence over superiors.     

初入大学第一年

我们这些在大学里摸爬滚打了几年的人都不会忘记作为大学新生的那一年.有些人可能想要忘记,但对大多数人来说,这是一段充满激情、些许渴望和新奇发现的时光.