Exploring the use of the ICT in supporting dyslexic students’ preferred learning styles : A preliminary evaluation

Dyslexia is one of the most common learning disabilities. It is described as a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It affects relatively about 7–10 % of the population across most languages and cultures. In this study, we explore the potential benefits offered by the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support dyslexic students by considering their preferred learning styles. In the current paper we administered the VAK and Honey & Mumford questionnaires to 28 Arabic students with ages between 8 and 10 years old. 8 students from dyslexic group and 20 students from control group were selected to assess and compare their preferred learning style. The implemented system focuses on dyslexia in Arabic language, especially in Arabic countries such as Morocco. Based on the results of the analysis of learning styles differences, we introduced an adaptive mobile learning to support and promote learning for dyslexic students. The aim of the study is to consider the relationship between dyslexia and learning style and to suggest a different learning way. Preliminary results show that the ICT has a valuable role in providing opportunities for learners with dyslexia to participate more fully in education.     

Correlations between learners’ initial EFL proficiency and variables of clicker-aided flipped EFL class

Although the flipped class has been hotly discussed, the clicker-aided flipped EFL class (CFEC) still remains a mystery for most scholars. This study aims to determine the correlations between the initial EFL proficiency and other variables of the clicker-aided EFL flipped class. The sample was made up of randomly selected 79 participants (Female =38; male =41), who received the clicker-aided EFL flipped class for one academic semester. It is found that there is a significantly positive relationship between the initial and the final EFL proficiency, motivation levels and cultural awareness in CFEC, whereas there is a negative relationship between initial EFL proficiency and cognitive loads in CFEC. The initial EFL proficiency is therefore an essential factor to influence the effectiveness of the flipped class. Future studies may consider this when exploring the educational technology aided flipped class.     

Utilization of online educational resources in teaching: A moderated mediation perspective

The study builds on a newly modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to substantiate the motivation and operation of teachers’ utilization of online learning resources. A ‘Comprehensiveness’ construct is proposed in the modified TAM to reflect the breadth and depth of rich online knowledge. This new construct serves as the mediator between ‘Usefulness’ and ‘Behavioral Intention’ in the new TAM structure. In addition, the ‘Ease of Use’ factor in conventional TAM is proposed to moderate the mediation in the modified TAM. Survey data are collected from 301 teachers undertaking certified training in Macau and Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique is used to assess the model. Moderated mediation is evaluated using both multi-group bootstrapping method and moderated path analysis method. Both methods verify the presence of moderated mediation with partial mediation in high Ease of Use values and full mediation in low Ease of Use values. Theoretical implication of the current study extends the coverage of TAM applications and academic implication suggests the strengthening in teachers’ professional development and government sponsorship in building repositories of online resources.     

Self‐efficacy of prospective Austrian and German primary school teachers regarding the implementation of inclusive education

This study examined the psychometric properties of the German version of the Teacher Inclusive Education Self‐Efficacy Scale (TIESES). Five hundred and nineteen teacher education students from Austria and 765 teacher education students from Germany participated in the study. Results of a multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis (for the two countries) confirmed a single factor structure of the scale with partial scalar measurement invariance. Regression analysis showed that self‐efficacy when implementing inclusive education was explained by the motivation to deal with inclusive education during their studies, previous experience with inclusive education in internships, study interest and the country in which the students went to university.     

Reactivity effects in video-based classroom research: an investigation using teacher and student questionnaires as well as teacher eye-tracking

One prominent problem of conducting observational assessments of teaching quality is the possibility of reactivity effects. To date, the issue of reactivity has received limited empirical attention. The present study, therefore, investigated reactivity in 447 students from 24 classes as well as their 12 teachers. We compared reactivity during lessons that were video-recorded with those that were not: according to t?test analyses of teacher ratings and MIMIC analyses of student ratings, no significant differences emerged in teaching quality or teaching practices. Significant differences were found in teacher and student emotions, as well as in student cognition and behavior. Supplementary eye-tracking analyses indicated reactivity depleted after 1?min 20?s. The results are discussed with respect to their relevance for future video studies on classroom instruction.     

Are there differences in ethnic majority and minority adolescents’ friendships preferences and social influence with regard to their academic achievement?

Research has established that adolescents both befriend peers based on their academic achievement and adjust their own achievement to that of their friends’ over time. However, these processes may be different for ethnic minority students, because some of them may adhere to an oppositional culture that rejects striving for academic success. We examine respective differences between self-identified ethnic minority and majority students using longitudinal social network analysis (stochastic actor-oriented models) in a sample of 1175 students (aged 13) from 12 grade-level networks in Germany secondary schools. Among the students, we find that academically successful students in particular prefer friends with high grades, but that students with poor grades exert more social influence on their friends to adjust their performance. Moreover, while minority students are indeed less inclined to select friends with higher grades, both ethnic majority and minority youth prefer friends with similar academic achievement and are similarly influenced by their friends’ achievement. However, social influence is stronger from same-ethnic than from inter-ethnic friends. In sum, there is mixed evidence for an oppositional culture among ethnic minority students in our sample.     

Learning to play: A review and theoretical investigation of the developmental mechanisms and functions of cetacean play

Play is a behavioral phenomenon most commonly observed in the young of both solitary and social species. Documentation of play in cetaceans varies across species and settings. Cetacean play behavioral repertoires include a broad range of actions, such as the manipulation of diverse objects, blowing bubbles, chasing conspecifics, and swimming in spirals through the water. As is common in research on animal play, cetacean play has been grouped into categories by its form, including locomotor play, object play, and different variations of social play, such as affiliative games, play fighting, and socio-sexual play. Research has primarily focused on recording the topography of cetacean play and the demographics of the individuals engaging in play. However, these classifications are insufficient to address the possible developmental and societal functions of cetacean play behaviors, or the mechanisms with which play behaviors are spread between conspecifics and acquired by young members of cetacean populations. This article applies several developmental and social learning theories in order to organize current knowledge and guide future research.     

Patterns of participation in year 9 academic testing and factors predicting absence on the day of test

Policies aiming to improve educational outcomes are typically based on academic testing data. However, such data only reflect the performance of students who completed the tests. It is possible that students who were absent have shared characteristics. The proportion of students absent out of all eligible school students and whether they have shared characteristics has not been investigated, as this is only possible through the use of linked administrative data. Participants were born in Western Australia in 1994 and 1995, and their birth records were linked to participation status in the Year 9 academic tests to determine the proportion of students who were absent. Logistic regression was conducted to investigate characteristics which predicted absence on test day. A proportion of non-Aboriginal (3.2 %) and Aboriginal students (21.9 %) were absent on test day. Risk factors which predicted the absence included contact with Child Protection and Family Services, history of maternal mental health problems, and fathers aged below 20 years at the time of their child’s birth. A significant proportion of students was absent and therefore not represented in academic achievement information. These students were more likely to have experienced adverse events and therefore are not randomly absent. As these data are typically used to inform policies which aim to improve educational outcomes, they may lack the necessary information to adequately address the complex needs of students who are absent on test day. However, findings suggest that service providers, as well as schools may play an important role in encouraging participation in school.