在大学入学考试中增加心理测试的构想

考试在中国有着悠久的历史渊源。随着中国历史的变迁,从两千多年前“考试”一词的出现,经历了多少次的变化,直到今天的考试制度的建立。今天的考试制度,就以有代表性的高等学校入学资格考试而论,当然不能认为是尽善尽美的,但它却承担着为国家选拔专业人才和评价教育质量的重任,并且也在不断地改革完善中。考试是工具、是方法,工具是无可指责的,关键在于怎样用它。我们希望它能发挥更积极更广泛的作用,提出了在高等学校入学考试中增加心理测验的构想。     

浅谈学生化学试验观察能力的培养

观察是人们获取知识信息的第一步 .观察能力的高低会对学生的学习产生重要的影响 .在化学教学中 ,有意识、有计划地培养学生的观察能力 ,使他们能够善于观察 ,并进行正确的思维是提高学生素质的一个重要环节 .教师指导的最终目标在于培养学生的独立观察能力 .     

扰动的线性方程组通解的Huang算法

本文给出了求解扰动后新方程组的直接方法，它简捷，计算量和存贮量都不大，数值结果也表明它是相当有效的。对于替换多个方程的情况，用本方法均可直接处理。     

A new approach to increase the attainable rice yield in intensive irrigated rice systems of Zhejiang province, China

A new site-specific nutrient management approach was developed to break the apparent attainable yield barrier of 6 t·ha⁻¹ in the double rice cropping system of Zhejiang. On-farm experiments involving 21 rice-growing farmer families and NPK long-term experiments commenced in 1997 in the central part of Zhejiang Province to assess the status of soil fertility and productivity under intensive rice-rice cropping. A new site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach has been developed for this studied area. Field-specific fertilizer recommendations are calculated considering indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socio-economic factors. The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP) in four 1998–1999 cropping seasons. Across seasons and years, SSNM consistently increased plant nutrient uptake, grain yield and profit by about 10%–15% compared to the FFP. Yield levels of 7.5 t·ha⁻¹ or more seem achievable and sustainable through introduction of SSNM and improved extension services in Zhejiang Province. Project supported by the International Fertilizer Industry Association(IFA), the Potash and Phosphate Institute, Canada (PPIC), and International Potash Institute(IPI).     

Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed train head shape

To improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains (HSTs) running in the open air, a multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design method for the head shape of a HST is proposed in this paper. A parametric model of the HST was established and seven design variables of the head shape were extracted. Sample points and their exact values of optimization objectives were obtained by an optimal Latin hypercube sampling (opt. LHS) plan and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations, respectively. A Kriging surrogate model was constructed based on the sample points and their optimization objectives. Taking the total aerodynamic drag force and the aerodynamic lift force of the tail coach as the optimization objectives, the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design was performed based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the Kriging model. After optimization, a series of Pareto-optimal head shapes were obtained. An optimal head shape was selected from the Pareto-optimal head shapes, and the aerodynamic performance of the HST with the optimal head shape was compared with that of the original train in conditions with and without crosswinds. Compared with the original train, the total aerodynamic drag force is reduced by 2.61% and the lift force of the tail coach is reduced by 9.90% in conditions without crosswind. Moreover, the optimal train benefits from lower fluctuations in aerodynamic loads in crosswind conditions.     

双壁钢围堰吸泥下沉、清基及水下封底过程中有关问题的处理办法

系统概述了介绍芜湖长江大桥11号主墩双壁钢围堰吸泥下沉、清基及水下封底过程和应注意的事项及有关问题的解决办法。     

多元校正分析在多组分同时测定中的应用

对近年来化学计量学中的多元校正方法应用情况作一介绍，其应用范围包括金属元素、食用色素、药物、氨基酸等混合多组分的同时测定。     

大众化进程中弱势高校资源短缺下的品质提升

弱势高校既是高校中的弱势群体，又是高等教育大众化的主要载体。弱势高校在大众化中迎来了历史性发展机遇，但同时又遇到了后续生源、师资、社会保障、社会关系和自然环境、人文等资源短缺性难题。使其品质提升难以为继，生存发展空间受阻，解决资源短缺困扰，需要社会、政府的支持和经济的发展、社会的进步，但从弱势高校自身来说，必须利用市场和计划，深化改革，更新办学理念，形成办学特色，提高教育质量，加强队伍建设和创新管理机制。     

固相微萃取测定水样中苯胺类化合物

自制碳纳米管涂层萃取探头,顶空固相微萃取测定水样中苯胺类化合物,优化了影响萃取效率的因素：萃取时间和温度、离子强度、搅拌速度等.在0.1～50 mg/L浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.995 5～0.998 7之间,方法的检出限为0.074～0.018 mg/L.该方法用于水样品的测定,加标回收率为78%～112%,相对标准偏差小于11.28%.     

消极修辞之音风探析

音风研究应该包含语音风和文音风:语音风是在口语交际的语音中体现出来的风格,直接映射于接受者听觉系统的语音形象;文音风指在书面表达中的语音体现出来的风格,是先进入接受者视觉系统,再映象在接受者脑海中的语音形象。