基于本体和相似度的信息检索

介绍本体的基本概念,论述本体的形式化表示和信息源表示,以及影响术语相似度的3个因素(距离,深度和密度),并在阐述如何计算术语相似度的基础上,描述基于本体和相似度检索过程。     

图书馆精神研究综论与若干基本问题的思考--"图书馆精神跨学科历史思考"系列论文之一

图书馆精神与人类的进取精神相一致，是图书馆的本质在人类社会精神形态领域的体现，是在一定社会和历史条件下，人类社会基于对图书馆本质的认识而形成的反映一定图书馆行业观和图书馆价值观的精神形态，是图书馆发挥其社会职能和历史贡献的内在动力。本文分别从图书馆学基础理论研究和人类文明的历史发展两个角度，对这一问题的研究进展进行了简明的综述，对这一问题研究的深化进行了跨学科的系统思考。     

我国图书馆立法成就述评

本文以《中华人民共和国立法法》的规定和公认的法理为标准，对近一百年来我国图书馆立法的成就进行了总结和梳理。     

美、英、加、日、韩、俄等国图书情报教育的特色及其给我们的启示

美、英、加、日、韩、俄等国家的图书情报教育颇有特色,主要表现在:图书情报教育与图书馆职业资格认证制度相辅相成;强调培育自己的专业特色;设计模块化的课程结构;重视儿童与中小学图书馆人才的培养;对研究生的教育方式比较灵活;贯彻“改革、创新”的办学理念。     

工程服务中心:构建工程创新实践教育的支撑体系——上海交通大学国家双创示范基地案例分析

在高等工程教育中学生自主实践创新教学活动极为重要,而当前高校普遍缺乏创新支撑服务平台及灵活的实践服务模式,学生在自主开展实践教学活动时常常需耗费大量的时间和成本去完成创新项目所需资源的准备;一轮轮的教学实践环境建设,由于多围绕课程、学科的培养体系投入,造成设备利用率低,与学生强烈的创新实践需求形成尖锐矛盾。本文基于当前国家双创示范基地中学生创新中心建设,创造性提出以工具借出、设备借用、远程加工、设计IP撮合等为特点的特色服务模式,持续大量地为学生提供基本器具资源使用和加工服务。围绕学生需求提供"创新实践图书馆"式的服务,为学生创造创新实践的服务环境。本文就设备借出、3D打印等具体工程服务分中心建设的内容、目标和服务模式,阐述了这类创新实践服务中心的建设模式,需要解决的问题和实施思路。实践证明,建设工程服务中心能有效解决设备利用率问题,更好地培养大规模勇于投身实践的创新人才,为高校创新人才培养模式开辟新途径。     

问题式教学法对工科大学生批判性思维倾向影响的实证研究

采用不相等实验组对照组前后测准实验研究,并辅以行为观察数据和质性资料分析,探究在"基本电路理论"课程教学中采取问题式教学法促进工科大学生批判性思维倾向的发展。研究表明,问题式教学对工科大学生的批判性思维倾向有显著的促进作用。作者认为,为有效开展问题式教学以促进学生批判性思维发展,应注意:(1)教师需具备良好的批判性思维精神;(2)积极营造良好的思考情境和氛围,鼓励与引导学生发现和解决问题;(3)应根据学生基础设置难易适当的问题,营造问题讨论的安全教学氛围;(4)积极引导讨论小组确定合适的讨论问题和组内讨论规则,充分利用信息技术辅助教学。     

Four pitfalls in normalizing citation indicators: An investigation of ESI’s selection of highly cited papers

InCites Essential Science Indicators is becoming increasingly used to identify top-performing research and evaluate the impact of institutes. Unfortunately, our study shows that ESI indicators, as well as other normalized citation indicators, have the following flaws. First, the publication month and the online-to-print delay affect a paper’s probability of becoming a Highly Cited Paper (HCP). Papers published in the earlier months of the year are more likely to accumulate enough citation counts to rank at the top 1% compared with those published in later months of the year. Papers with longer online-to-print delays have an apparent advantage for being selected as HCPs. Research field normalizations lead to the third pitfall. Different research fields have different citation thresholds for HCPs, making research field classification important for a journal. In addition, the uniform thresholds for both articles and reviews in ESI affect the reliability of HCP selection because, on average, reviews tend to have higher citation rates than articles. ESI’s selection of HCPs provides an intuitive feel for the problems of normalized citation impact indicators, such as those provided in InCites and SciVal.     

谈高三生物学有效复习策略

面对广东省生物学高考新模式,本文提出了应用学案导学、专题整合和限时训练进行高三生物学复习的有效策略。     

Simultaneous changes in seed size,oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.     

新时期大学生自我管理研究

社会发展新常态,助推着高校教育教学改革与发展,冲击着固有的教育管理模式,影响着大学生自我管理因素的生成。本文以高校立德树人为宏观视角,切入大学生管理微观课题,结合社会发展新形势、高校管理模式新变化、大学生成长新特点,阐述新时期大学生自我管理"是什么"、"为什么"、"怎么办"的基本道理,剖根问源析原因,立足长远寻对策,以期推动高校可持续发展。