The growth and crisis of Italian higher education during the 1960s and 1970s

The expansion of the Italian university system in the 1960s and 1970s is described with particular reference to the laws of 1961 and 1969 which liberalized access. The effects of these reforms are discussed and it is argued that despite the expansion the system remains an élite system. Admission to prestigious faculties and failure rates are correlated with social class to show that selection by failure within the university may to some extent have replaced selection at entry as a way of maintaining an élite system. Despite the increase in wastage there is a growing mismatch between the demand for and supply of graduate labour and this has given rise to social tensions.     

Using personal construct theory and narrative methods to facilitate reflexive constructions of teaching physical education

This paper reports on two lengthy studies in physical education teacher education (PETE) conducted independently but which are epistemologically and methodologically linked. The paper describes how personal construct theory (PCT) and its associated methods provided a means for PETE students to reflexively construct their ideas about teaching physical education over an extended period. Data are drawn from each study in the form of a story of a single participant to indicate how this came about. Furthermore we suggest that PCT might be both a useful research strategy and an effective approach to facilitate professional development in a teacher education setting.     

《广雅疏证》的计算机处理

利用Delphi6为《广雅疏证》一般词语制作的数据库查询系统，通过“词条序号”或“被释词”可以查询到数据库中它们各自所对应的“词条”、“释词”、“疏证”及“卷次”等信息，通过输入关键词则可对“疏证”中的内容进行检索；利用“《广雅疏证》查询系统”的上述功能还可以进行辅助研究。     

Using Animals to Teach Children Biology: Exploring the Use of Biological Explanations in Children’s Anthropomorphic Storybooks

Research Findings: Anthropomorphism—the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman entities—has long been a staple of children’s media. However, children’s experiences with anthropomorphic media may interfere with biological reasoning instead encouraging an anthropocentric view of the natural world. To date, little research has addressed the typical content of children’s storybooks about animals: Do these storybooks present factual information that may support early developing biological reasoning, or do they instead focus on human-centered, psychological information that may encourage anthropocentrism? We analyzed the types of causal explanatory information that commercial storybooks about animals provide to children about 2 biological concepts that have been extensively studied in the experimental literature: biological inheritance and the transmission of illness. Using coding schemes similar to those used in prior experimental literature to assess preschool-age children’s biological reasoning, we found that none of the anthropomorphized books presented children with scientifically accurate causal mechanisms. These books focused almost exclusively on social-emotional experiences as opposed to biological explanations, which may inadvertently encourage anthropocentric reasoning. Practice or Policy: Understanding more about the content of informal sources of early learning can help inform educators on how to best support developing knowledge about the natural world and biological properties.     

论巴金的小说理论与批评

巴金的小说理论最具实践性,是他大量小说创作经验的总结和升华。他视创作为表达自己内心情感的需要,是自己生活的一部分;主张创作面向读者,"把心交给读者",和读者进行诚挚的情感交流;同时认为"艺术的最高境界是无技巧",肯定情感是创作的主要内容,形式和技巧只是它的附庸。小说应当有其教化的功能和审美的功能。巴金的小说理论和批评总是围绕着表现情感这条主线,它是朴实无华、独树一帜的。     

基于Haar小波多分辨分析非线性图像消噪的研究

本文基于Haar小波多分辨分析研究非线性图像消噪 ,通过小波收缩得到消噪的阈值范围 ,提出了小波包的重构 .实验结果表明 :Harr小波图像处理 ,实现再次低通滤波图像的噪声消除 ,其高频滤波特性优良 ,图像有较好的消噪结果     

在传统与现代的天平上——试论《啼笑因缘》的叙事特色

张恨水的小说虽然沿袭了传统小说的叙事模式 ,但在叙事时间、叙事视角和叙事结构等方面吸收了一些现代小说的叙事技巧 ,形成了自己的特色 ,为中国小说叙事模式的转变作出了一定贡献。     

The impact of university incorporation on college lecturers

In South Africa, recent government plans tochange the institutional landscape of highereducation have resulted in mergers of collegesinto universities or technikons. The researchreported in this article focuses solely on theimpact of a ``college-into-university'incorporation as manifested in the personal,emotional and career experiences of thesecollege staff members. It traces the changes intheir perceptions and emotions during and afterthe incorporation process. It also identifiesrecurring themes and issues evident in thepersonal lives of those affected by thisincorporation.A unique research methodology was engaged: TheCollege staff who had been appointed to theuniversity after the merger, identified sevencritical themes and then designed and conducted30 semi-structured interviews among themselves.This article thus documents the impact ofincorporation into a university on theindividual and collective lives of theresearchers themselves.The data suggest that the emotional impact ofincorporation was intense and that theuncertainty, especially, led to considerabletrauma. The most important concern emanatingfrom this joint research project is that whilea certain degree of distress is unavoidable inany institutional merger, inattention to themanagement of human resources, emotions andaspirations could linger on, possibly having anegative effect on the ambitions for thetransformation of the new entity.     

Peer teaching: Academic achievement of teacher-led versus student-led discussion groups

Problem-based small-group discussions are the cornerstone of health sciences education at the University of Limburg (The Netherlands). In each of three courses, fifteen discussion groups of about eight students were randomly assigned a staff-tutor (control condition) or student-tutor (experimental condition).In two of the courses no significant differences in cognitive test achievement between the two conditions were found. In one course students tutored by staff-tutors performed significantly better than students tutored by student-tutors. However, no significant differences in test performance were found between students tutored by high-achieving versus average-achieving student-tutors. These findings contradict the congruence hypothesis from information processing theory. Several other explanations are explored.