关于教学结构理论基础的探讨

教学结构是指在一定的教育思想、教学理论和学习理论指导下，在一定环境中展开的教学活动进程的稳定结构形式，它是教育思想、教学理论的集中体现。目前在各级各类学校中采用的教学结构主要有两大类：一是以教师为中心的教学结构，一是以学生为中心的教学结构。对这两种教学结构的理论基础进行探讨，有助于建构一种既能发挥教师主导作用又能充分体现学生主体作用的新型教学结构，并逐步实现教学模式、教学内容、教学手段和教学方法的全面改革。     

中草药综合开发利用的横向意义

本文从“变废为宝”“亦药亦蔬”“杀虫农药”三个方面论述了中草药的综合开发前景广阔,大有可为。“变废为宝”举例说明了中草药的药用部位可以扩大,充分利用中药材资源。“亦药亦蔬”,说明了中草药作保健食品俯拾皆是。“杀虫农药”以实例说明中药不仅用来治疗人、畜疾病,也可作农药用于植物。     

坝上油菜蜂花粉中总黄酮的超声提取及含量测定

目的 :从油菜蜂花粉中提取总黄酮 ,并测定其含量。方法 :采用超声技术提取总黄酮 ,用比色法测定总黄酮含量。结果 :油菜蜂花粉中总黄酮含量为 (30 .5 0± 1.0 0 ) % ,平均回收率为 99.6 0 % ,RSD =2 .95 % (n =6 )。结论 :运用超声技术从油菜蜂花粉中提取总黄酮 ,可提高提取率 ,节省提取时间。     

四川千佛山生态旅游资源开发评价

四川千佛山具有丰富的自然资源和极高的旅游开发价值。丰富的动植物资源 ,加上自然奇观、峰峦奇石、悬崖峭壁、瀑布海子和潜在的佛教文化十分适合生态旅游。文章通过对该地区资源特征及开发可行性分析 ,提出生态旅游开发基本思路。     

Residual stress analysis and bow simulation of crystalline silicon solar cells

The pressure to reduce solar energy costs encourages efforts to reduce the thickness of silicon wafers. Thus, the cell bowing problem associated with the use of thin wafers has become increasingly important, as it can lead to the cracking of cells and thus to high yield losses. In this paper, a systematic approach for simulating the cell bowing induced by the firing process is presented. This approach consists of three processes: (1) the material properties are determined using a nanoidentation test; (2) the thicknesses of aluminum (Al) paste and silver (Ag) busbars and fingers are measured using scanning electron microscopy; (3) non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) is used for simulating the cell bowing induced by the firing process. As a result, the bowing obtained using FEA simulation agrees better with the experimental data than that using the bowing calculations suggested in literature. In addition, the total in-plane residual stress state in the wafer/cell due to the firing process can be determined using the FEA simulation. A detailed analysis of the firing-induced stress state in single crystalline silicon (sc-Si), cast, and edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) multi-crystalline silicon wafers of different thicknesses is presented. Based on this analysis, a simple residual stress calculation is developed to estimate the maximum in-plane principal stress in the wafers. It is also proposed that the metallization pattern, Ag busbars and fingers screen printed on the front of a solar cell, can be designed using this approach. A practical case of a 3-busbar Si solar cell is presented.     

如何在普通高校体育教学中渗透情感教育

通过对普通高校体育教育的深刻理解，结合素质教育的内容和终身体育思想，对普通高校体育教学实施情感教育的重要性提出建设框架。     

School experience,relational justice and legitimation of institutional

This study analysis the relationship between perceptions of the justice of teacher’ behaviour and (a) the legitimation of school authority and (b) the legitimation of institutional authorities outside school. 448 adolescent students participated in the study. In questionnaire participants were asked about (a) perceptions of the justice of teachers’ behaviour; (b) evaluation of the school experience; and (c) evaluation of institutional authorities. Results show that the evaluation of the justice of teacher behaviour, in particular relational and procedural justice, have an impact on the legitimation of the authority of teachers and on the evaluation of institutional authorities outside school. Results also show that the legitimacy granted to teachers is a mediator variable between perceptions of justice in school and evaluation of authorities outside school. These results are discussed in the context of the studies on the relationship between school experience and adolescents attitudes towards authorities, and in the framework of the “Relational Model of Authority” and of the “Group Value Model”.     

Innovation and Enterprise in Singapore Schools

Schools in Singapore are now tasked to develop the spirit of innovation and enterprise in their students. This is in line with the national vision of ‘Thinking Schools, Learning Nation’. This policy initiative, which began in 2004, is set to change the fundamental nature of education in Singapore. This article discusses the innovation and enterprise (I&E) initiative, its major implications for schools in Singapore and the areas still to be addressed in the implementation of the policy. In particular, the article discusses the issues of teachers and school leaders as role models of I&E, I&E as an organic part of school business, the influence of the wider societal culture and values system, and the measurement of success of I&E. The challenge for schools is to go beyond the form of the initiative to bring real substantial and sustainable change through this movement.