School experience,relational justice and legitimation of institutional

This study analysis the relationship between perceptions of the justice of teacher’ behaviour and (a) the legitimation of school authority and (b) the legitimation of institutional authorities outside school. 448 adolescent students participated in the study. In questionnaire participants were asked about (a) perceptions of the justice of teachers’ behaviour; (b) evaluation of the school experience; and (c) evaluation of institutional authorities. Results show that the evaluation of the justice of teacher behaviour, in particular relational and procedural justice, have an impact on the legitimation of the authority of teachers and on the evaluation of institutional authorities outside school. Results also show that the legitimacy granted to teachers is a mediator variable between perceptions of justice in school and evaluation of authorities outside school. These results are discussed in the context of the studies on the relationship between school experience and adolescents attitudes towards authorities, and in the framework of the “Relational Model of Authority” and of the “Group Value Model”.     

Innovation and Enterprise in Singapore Schools

Schools in Singapore are now tasked to develop the spirit of innovation and enterprise in their students. This is in line with the national vision of ‘Thinking Schools, Learning Nation’. This policy initiative, which began in 2004, is set to change the fundamental nature of education in Singapore. This article discusses the innovation and enterprise (I&E) initiative, its major implications for schools in Singapore and the areas still to be addressed in the implementation of the policy. In particular, the article discusses the issues of teachers and school leaders as role models of I&E, I&E as an organic part of school business, the influence of the wider societal culture and values system, and the measurement of success of I&E. The challenge for schools is to go beyond the form of the initiative to bring real substantial and sustainable change through this movement.     

图式在第二语言习得中的作用

近年来，围绕图式论而开展的一系列外语教学研究，获得一些有意义的发现，拓宽了外语教学研究的领域，加深了人们对外语教学的认识。本旨在利用语言的共同性和差异性运用图式理论去探讨第二语言习得机制，指出图式对第二语言习得的重要作用及成年人学习外语的必由之路。     

成人高校向普通高校转轨时期的学情分析及对策研究(二)——以新疆教育学院的转型为个案分析

在新的教育形势下,全日制成人高等院校面临着调整与转型。为了把握普高生与成人脱产生的差异,本文以新疆教育学院为个案,对普高生与成人脱产生在学习方法、学习过程、考试心态等方面的差异进行了调查与分析,并提出相应对策,以期为提高普高生的教学质量提供参考。     

Antimelanogenic effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Inula britannica</Emphasis> flower petal extract fermented by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus plantarum</Emphasis> KCCM 11613P

The inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented and non-fermented Inula britannica extracts on the tyrosinase activity were comparatively investigated to examine whether and how they improve the whitening activity, and the contents of total flavonoids and polyphenolics as bioactive compounds were determined. The skin whitening activity using in vitro or ex vivo tyrosinase and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) staining was examined. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was increased by 13.4% after 72 h-fermentation. The viabilities of the B16F10 cells treated with the fermented and non-fermented control extracts were 100.26% and 92.15% at 500 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the inhibition of tyrosinase activity was increased by the fermented samples from 29.33% to 41.74% following fermentation for up to 72 h. The tyrosinase activity of the untreated control group was increased to 145.69% in B16F10 cells. The results showed that I. britannica fermented by L. plantarum dose-dependently inhibited tyrosinase activity, which was stimulated by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone. These results suggest that lactic fermented I. britannica extracts can be used as effective skin-whitening materials.     

农业土地集约化经营

农业土地细碎化是制约中国农业发展的最重要因素,它导致农业土地粗放型经营、农产品成本居高不下、农民增产不增收等一系列问题.土地集约化经营是相对于农业土地分散经营、粗放经营而言,它是一种更能适应现代化要求的土地经营模式,它主要是通过土地流转实现土地整合,增加对土地的资本、技术投入,以达到提高土地利用效率、增加经济效益之目的.推进农业土地集约化经营是中国农村发展的必然选择.     

校本课程开发中存在的问题及解决策略

当今校本课程开发中存在着教材编写上质量良莠不齐、实施过程中名实不符、课程评价严重滞后的问题。存在问题的原因是：教师课程意识淡薄，课程开发能力欠缺；教师的“专业个人主义”色彩浓厚，缺少彼此间的沟通交流与合作；教师的负担过重．时间有限，精力不够；校本课程的评价工作多被忽略，缺乏科学性。解决校本课程开发现存问题的策略是：加强教师培训，提高教师业务水平：切实为教师进行校本课程开发提供良好条件；建立以实践为主的评价体系。     

论校园音乐文化

在当前的校园音乐文化研究中,存在着将校园文化理论机械平移的现象,不仅抹杀了校园音乐文化的个性,而且脱离了校园音乐理论自身发展的实际。笔者认为,这种“近景式”分析缺乏对校园音乐文化发展趋势的总体把握。因此,对音乐文化建设进行积极的观瞻,显得至关重要。     

Developing Seventh Grade Students’ Understanding of Complex Environmental Problems with Systems Tools and Representations: a Quasi-experimental Study

A systems-based classroom intervention on environmental education was designed for seventh grade students; the results were evaluated to see its impact on the development of systems thinking skills and standard science achievement and whether the systems approach is a more effective way to teach environmental issues that are dynamic and complex. A quasi-experimental methodology was used to compare performances of the participants in various dimensions, including systems thinking skills, competence in dynamic environmental problem solving and success in science achievement tests. The same pre-, post- and delayed tests were used with both the comparison and experimental groups in the same public middle school in Istanbul. Classroom activities designed for the comparison group (N = 20) followed the directives of the Science and Technology Curriculum, while the experimental group (N = 22) covered the same subject matter through activities benefiting from systems tools and representations such as behaviour over time graphs, causal loop diagrams, stock-flow structures and hands-on dynamic modelling. After a one-month systems-based instruction, the experimental group demonstrated significantly better systems thinking and dynamic environmental problem solving skills. Achievement in dynamic problem solving was found to be relatively stable over time. However, standard science achievement did not improve at all. This paper focuses on the quantitative analysis of the results, the weaknesses of the curriculum and educational implications.     

“My Eyes Were Opened to the Lack of Diversity in Our Best Schools”: Re-Conceptualizing Competitive School Choice Policy as a Racial Formation

This article documents minority youth sense-making around the concept of diversity and the founding of a youth activist group that seeks spaces for policy thinking and protesting against racial inequalities in selective enrollment schools. Utilizing the sociological theory of racial formation and the concept of racial projects (Omi and Winant in Racial formation in the United States, 3rd edn, Routledge, New York, 2014), this article draws on data from a critical ethnography. The author argues that youth activists offer a critical perspective for researchers and policy-makers in the face of neoliberal school choice policy. Findings reveal that youth activists understand a lack of diversity as racial imbalance in high status schools, and that they expose structural inequalities that are embedded in policy structures and processes such as selective enrollment high schools. Implications are discussed to show how re-conceptualizing policy as a racial formation can bring structural and institutional racist practices into view in hopes of transforming district policies to offer access to high quality schools for all students.