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201.
老子的“一,二,三”和元极图都描绘地宇宙万物生成模式,但两者既有同也有异,前者是后者的基础,后者是前者的升华,从两者的比较中可以看到元极图的创新。 相似文献
202.
The commodification of code demands two preconditions: a belief if the existence of code and a system of ownership for the code. An examination of these preconditions is helpful for resisting the further widening of digital divides. The ontological belief in the relatively independent existence of code is dependent on our understanding of what the “digital” is. Here it is claimed that the digital is not a natural kind, but a concept that is relative to our practices of interpretation. An interpretative system that sees code as something that can or should always be owned implies an increase of social control and threatens vital processes of knowledge creation that are necessary for an open and egalitarian information society. The ontological belief in “digital code” thus provides the backdrop for an ethical view of the information society. Consequently, if we see digital code as an interpretative notion (in the nominalist way), the ethical questions appear in a different light. 相似文献
203.
Teaching and learning with history and philosophy of science (HPS) has been, and continues to be, supported by science educators. While science education standards documents in many countries also stress the importance of teaching and learning with HPS, the approach still suffers from ineffective implementation in school science teaching. In order to better understand this problem, an analysis of the obstacles of implementing HPS into classrooms was undertaken. The obstacles taken into account were structured in four groups: 1. culture of teaching physics, 2. teachers?? skills, epistemological and didactical attitudes and beliefs, 3. institutional framework of science teaching, and 4. textbooks as fundamental didactical support. Implications for more effective implementation of HPS are presented, taking the social nature of educational systems into account. 相似文献
204.
This paper assesses the adequacy, efficiency, and equity of higher education in Lebanon in both the public and private sectors,
while highlighting challenges that are specific to Lebanon. It concludes by discussing various approaches and strategies to
remedy the challenges facing higher education in Lebanon. 相似文献
205.
Assessing college students’ perceptions of a case teacher’s pedagogical content knowledge using a newly developed instrument 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ongoing professional development for college teachers has been much emphasized. However, previous research on learning environments
has seldom addressed college students’ perceptions of teachers’ PCK. This study aimed to evaluate college students’ perceptions
of a physics teacher’s PCK development using a newly developed instrument and workshop intervention. A mixed method design
was employed incorporating both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The survey “Assessing Students’ Perceptions of College
Teachers’ PCK” was adopted as the instrument of research. This survey was conducted twice in this study; with the pre-test
carried out during the mid-term exam and the post-test given in the last week of the semester. The results indicate that only
SMK and IRS showed significant difference in the four categories of the survey, while IOC and KSU did not. Furthermore, the
organized workshops helped the case teacher to better understand students’ prior conceptions of the subject matter and learning
difficulties, and further facilitated her adjustment of instructional strategies. The limitations of this study are discussed
and suggestions for improvement are also provided. 相似文献
206.
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208.
Kiran?SarvabhotlaEmail author Prasad?Pingali Vasudeva?Varma 《Information Retrieval》2011,14(3):337-353
With the growth of social media, document sentiment classification has become an active area of research in this decade. It
can be viewed as a special case of topical classification applied only to subjective portions of a document (sources of sentiment).
Hence, the key task in document sentiment classification is extracting subjectivity. Existing approaches to extract subjectivity
rely heavily on linguistic resources such as sentiment lexicons and complex supervised patterns based on part-of-speech (POS)
information. This makes the task of subjective feature extraction complex and resource dependent. In this work, we try to
minimize the dependency on linguistic resources in sentiment classification. We propose a simple and statistical methodology
called review summary (RSUMM) and use it in combination with well-known feature selection methods to extract subjectivity.
Our experimental results on a movie review dataset prove the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. 相似文献
209.
Gordon Hull Heather Richter Lipford Celine Latulipe 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):289-302
Social networking sites like Facebook are rapidly gaining in popularity. At the same time, they seem to present significant
privacy issues for their users. We analyze two of Facebooks’s more recent features, Applications and News Feed, from the perspective
enabled by Helen Nissenbaum’s treatment of privacy as “contextual integrity.” Offline, privacy is mediated by highly granular
social contexts. Online contexts, including social networking sites, lack much of this granularity. These contextual gaps
are at the root of many of the sites’ privacy issues. Applications, which nearly invisibly shares not just a users’, but a
user’s friends’ information with third parties, clearly violates standard norms of information flow. News Feed is a more complex
case, because it involves not just questions of privacy, but also of program interface and of the meaning of “friendship”
online. In both cases, many of the privacy issues on Facebook are primarily design issues, which could be ameliorated by an
interface that made the flows of information more transparent to users. 相似文献
210.
This article presents an analysis of the concept of disability in Amartya Sen’s capabilities and functionings approach in the context of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Following a critical review of the concept of
disability—from its traditional interpretation as an essentially medical concept to its later interpretation as a socially
constructed category—we will introduce the concept of functional diversity. The importance of human diversity in the capabilities and functionings approach calls for incorporating this concept into
the analysis of well-being and quality of life in persons with disability—aspects in which ICT currently plays a major role.
When one contemplates these technologies, it becomes clear that factors such as accessibility, design for all, and user participation
in development and implementation processes are key strategies in promoting equal rights and equal opportunity for persons
with disability in the different environments of the information society. 相似文献