Rethinking disability in Amartya Sen’s approach: ICT and equality of opportunity

This article presents an analysis of the concept of disability in Amartya Sen’s capabilities and functionings approach in the context of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Following a critical review of the concept of disability—from its traditional interpretation as an essentially medical concept to its later interpretation as a socially constructed category—we will introduce the concept of functional diversity. The importance of human diversity in the capabilities and functionings approach calls for incorporating this concept into the analysis of well-being and quality of life in persons with disability—aspects in which ICT currently plays a major role. When one contemplates these technologies, it becomes clear that factors such as accessibility, design for all, and user participation in development and implementation processes are key strategies in promoting equal rights and equal opportunity for persons with disability in the different environments of the information society.     

Transport and separation of micron sized particles at isotachophoretic transition zones

Conventionally, isotachophoresis (ITP) is used for separation of ionic samples according to their electrophoretic mobilities. We demonstrate that the scope of ITP applications may be extended toward particle concentration and separation. Owing to the distributions of electrolyte concentration and electric field inside a transition zone between two electrolytes, a number of different forces act on a small particle. As far as possible, we provide estimates for the order of magnitude of these forces and analyze their scaling with the particle size and the electric-field strength. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that polymer beads of 5 μm diameter dispersed in a high mobility “leading” electrolyte are picked up and carried along by an ITP transition zone which is formed with a low mobility “trailing” electrolyte. By studying the particle positions and trajectories, we show that impurities in the electrolytes play a significant role in the experiments. Additionally, it is experimentally shown that different types of beads can be separated at an ITP transition zone. In particular, beads of 1 μm diameter are not carried along with the transition zone, in contrast to the 5 μm beads. The presented technique thus adds to the portfolio of electrokinetic transport, concentration, and separation methods in microfluidics.     

导生组合类型、阶段式指导与理工科博士生创新能力发展

导师如何通过“因材施教”的指导提升博士生的创新能力,是博士生培养的关注热点。基于481份“双一流”建设高校理工科博士生的调查数据,从导生双主体角度,以控制和支持两个维度的导生组合类型为自变量、博士生年级为调节变量,探索二者对理工科博士生创新能力的影响机制。研究发现,相较于导师低控制和学生低投入、导师低支持和学生低投入,其他导生组合类型均对理工科博士生的创新能力具有显著正向影响。年级在控制维度的导生组合类型对理工科博士生创新能力的影响中起调节作用。研究结果验证了导师阶段式培养的重要性,同时强调了博士生作为学习主体的关键性。     

Mobilisieren und Optimieren

Looking at the conflictual constitution of educational systems by equality and excellence, this paper examines the discursive formation of two political rationalities in the contemporary German educational system that are directly opposed. While early childhood and primary education discourses are dominated by a terminology of equity, tertiary education institutions such as universities are described with a terminology of excellence that has become a reference point for political interventions and institutional reform processes.Taking up the theoretical position of hegemony-theory, governmentality studies and system theory, the paper analyzes the rules of justification these hegemonic discourses refer to by employing a discourse analysis of strategic, conceptional, and institutional texts of the German education policy discourse between 2003 and 2010. The paper puts forth the thesis that mobilizing and optimizing represent the common principles of equality and excellence as rationalities of the maximal mobilization of educational ressources.     

Die Beweisentwicklungsumgebung W\Omega -Mkrp

Zusammenfassung. Die Beweisentwicklungsumgebung -Mkrpsoll Mathematiker bei einer ihrer Hauptt?tigkeiten, n?mlich dem Beweisen mathematischer Theoreme unterstützen. Diese Unterstützung mu? so komfortabel sein, da? die rechnergestützte Suche nach formalen Beweisen leichter und insbesondere weniger aufwendig ist, als ohne das System. Dazu mu? die verwendete Objektsprache ausdrucksstark sein, man mu? die M?glichkeit haben, abstrakt über Beweispl?ne zu reden, die gefundenen Beweise müssen in einer am Menschen orientierte Form pr?sentiert werden und vor allem mu? eine effiziente Unterstützung beim Füllen von Beweislücken zur Verfügung stehen. Das im folgenden vorgestellte $\Omega$-Mkrp-System ist der Versuch einer Synthese der Ans?tze des vollautomatischen, des interaktiven und des planbasierten Beweisens. Dieser Artikel soll eine übersicht über unsere Arbeit an diesem System geben. Eingegangen am 24. Juni 1994 / Angenommen am 3. November 1995     

体育教育专业本科体操普修课程技术教学改革的调查与探讨

运用文献资料法分析体操课程技术教学改革的必要性，在问卷调查和研讨与座谈访问的基础上，阐明体操课程的整体改革和技术教学改革的基本思路，将技术动作分为四大类：必学动作、选学动作、提高动作和介绍动作，进一步对各类技术动作的教学和采用两套动作由学生自由选择进行技术评定的考核方法进行了探讨。     

Recruiting Principals to Lead Low-performing Schools: Effects on Job Attractiveness

This study addressed recruiting principals into low performing schools. A sample (N = 619) of principals, assistant principals, central office administrators, school counselors, and teacher-leaders from the 29th largest school district in the United States role-played as applicants for principal vacancies at schools classified as low-performing based on results of standardized student achievement tests. The study had an experimental design and involved use of a recruitment simulation. Rating jobs depicted on simulated principal recruitment announcements, principals and assistant principals rated the job highest while school counselors rated the jobs lowest. Among the teacher-leaders, teacher-administrative interns rated the job higher than did highly skilled educators or resource teachers. Implications for recruitment practice and future evaluation research are discussed.