We've failed: Pirate black open access is trumping green and gold and we must change our approach

Key points

• Sci‐Hub has made nearly all articles freely available using a black open access model, leaving green and gold models in its dust.
• Why, after 20 years of effort, have green and gold open access not achieved more? Do we need ‘tae think again’?
• If human nature is to postpone change for as long as possible, are green and gold open access fundamentally flawed?
• Open and closed publishing models depend on bundle pricing paid by one stakeholder, the others getting a free ride. Is unbundling a fairer model?
• If publishers changed course and unbundled their product, would this open a legal, fairer route to 100% open access and see off the pirates?

     

Hosting International Events and Promoting South Korean Identity Discourses: Continuities and Discontinuities

Abstract

More than six decades after the end of the Korean War (1950–53), the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) continue to face each other across the highly fortified Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) along the 38th parallel on the Korean peninsula. Both Korean governments continue to maintain and reinforce a pan-Korean identity amongst its respective populations. At the same time, both states need to provide its respective citizens with distinct national identities, which obviously requires a politically difficult and highly delicate balancing act. The focus of this paper is on the dominant identity discourses in South Korea. These have been observed, interpreted and analyzed in five international events and festivals that the South hosted over the last three decades: the 1988 Seoul Olympics, the 2002 Soccer World Cup (co-hosted with Japan), the Busan Asian Games in the same year, the 2011 Daegu World Athletic Championships and the 2014 Incheon Asian Games. All these events offered a distinctive nationalist flavour, celebrated tradition and modernity, and emphasized South Korea’s rapid 20th century development and achievements, but also served as a reminder of the ethnic homogeneity of the divided Korean people and the unjust political division of the Korean peninsula.     

Online speech and democratic culture: a comparison of freedom of online speech between South Korea and the United States

Civil libertarian doctrine which was dominant during the twentieth century argued that the main goal of freedom of speech was to ensure that the public would be well-informed and actively engage in public deliberation. A literal extension of this claim to the Internet age often justifies the regulation of online speech under the assumption that harmful communication undermines the public interest. This study challenges civil libertarianism and proposes a new thesis of freedom of online speech, which posits that online speech should be understood in terms of a democratic culture where every individual participates freely and without restraints in the process of meaning making that constitute her/him as an autonomous individual. Based on such a theoretical concept, this study identifies three important aspects of online speech freedom – unfettered speech, anonymous speech, and participatory speech – and then compares the status of online speech between South Korea and the United States. This research suggests that a society should understand the unique nature of online speech and then arrange the legal system to fit into it.     

Assessment of the quality and generalizability of the revised UCLA loneliness scale in Chinese and Korean community-dwelling elderly populations using item response theory (IRT)-Rasch modeling and hybrid IRT-logistic regression

ABSTRACT

Objectives: This study aims to test the dimensionality, reliability, and item quality of the revised UCLA loneliness scale as well as to investigate the differential item functioning (DIF) of the three dimensions of the revised UCLA loneliness scale in community-dwelling Chinese and Korean elderly individuals.

Method: Data from 493 elderly individuals (287 Chinese and 206 Korean) were used to examine the revised UCLA loneliness scale. The Research model based on item response theory (IRT) was used to test dimensionality, reliability, and item fit. The hybrid ordinal logistic regression-IRT test was used to evaluate DIF.

Results: Item separation reliability, person reliability, and Cronbach’s alpha met the benchmarks. The quality of the items in the three-dimension model met the benchmark. Eight items were detected as significant DIF items (at α < .01). The loneliness level of Chinese elderly individuals was significantly higher than that of Koreans in Dimensions 1 and 2, while Korean elderly participants showed significantly higher loneliness levels than Chinese participants in Dimension 3. Several collected demographic characteristics and loneliness levels were more highly correlated in Korean elderly individuals than in Chinese elderly individuals.

Conclusion: Analysis using the three dimensions is reasonable for the revised UCLA loneliness scale. Good item quality and the items of this measure suggest that the revised UCLA loneliness can be used to assess the preferred latent traits. Finally, the differences between the levels of loneliness in Chinese and Korean elderly individuals are associated with the factors of loneliness.     

Exercise and HRT for women well-being

How HRT ＆ Exercise provide the Effect of Women Well - being is discussed here with the Presentation about （1） Information o,1 Honmone ＆ HRT; （2） Introduction to Estrogen Replacemen; （3） Review of Relational Studies.