小黑猩猩的福祉

小黑猩猩,亦称为倭黑猩猩(pygmychimpangee).外形及生话习性酷似黑猩猩,但上肢更长更细,身体细长,面部不那么向前突出.小黑猩猩在野生环境中的数量在减少,主要原因是人类破坏其森林栖息地以及非法捕猎.     

Exploring models of information behaviour: the ‘uncertainty’ project

This paper reviews a number of models of information behaviour and introduces a model based on the goal-directed behaviour of problem solving. A key part of the problem-solving process is held to be that of ‘uncertainty reduction’ and this aspect of the information seeking and searching process is currently being explored in a project supported by the British Library Research and Innovation Centre. Preliminary results from the pilot phase of the Project are presented which suggest possible lines of further investigation.     

Why are Older Faculty Members More Accepting of Students with Attention‐deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? A Life‐course Interpretation

The presence of university students in the United States with disabilities is not a new phenomenon. However, little is known about the attitudes of university faculty concerning less visible disabilities such as attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a sample of faculty at a university in the United States (n = 136), the impact of age on faculty’s acceptance of ADHD was examined. Results indicated a higher percentage of older faculty members, compared with middle‐aged and younger faculty, selected ADHD as a condition worthy of special instructional accommodations. Irrespective of age of the respondents, ADHD had the lowest acceptance as a condition deserving special accommodations. Finally, fewer middle‐aged and older faculty attributed difficulties experienced by a student with ADHD symptoms to “bad” character, a lack of discipline or a lack of motivation. These findings suggest more emphasis should be placed on disability‐related education and training for faculty members during early stages of their careers.     

Film Screenwriting

Rolando Giustini, The Film Script: A Writer's Guide (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice- Hall, 1980 -- $6.95 paper).

Tom Stempel, Screenwriter: The Life and Times of Nunnally Johnson (San biego: A. S. Barnes, 1980 -- $12.00 hardcover).

Budd Schulberg, On the Waterfront (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980 -- $12.50 hardcover).

David Lees and Stan Berkowitz, The Movie Business (New York: Vintage, 1981 -- $4.95).

Film & Literature

Gene D. Phillips, Hemingway and Film (New York: Ungar, 1981 $9.95/$4.95).

Jeffrey Egan Welch, Literature and Film: An Annotated Bibliography, 1909-1977 (New York: Garland, 1981 -- $40.00).     

In-school and out-of-school physical activity in primary and secondary school children

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare in-school and out-of-school physical activity within a representative sample. Socio-demographic, physical activity, and anthropometric data were collected from a random sample of children (250 boys, 253 girls) aged 3–16 years attending nine primary and two secondary schools. Actigraph GT1M accelerometers, worn for seven days, were used to estimate physical activity levels for in-school (typically 09.00–15.00 h), out-of-school (weekday), and weekend periods. Physical activity as accelerometer counts per minute were lower in school versus out of school overall (in school: 437.2 ± 172.9; out of school: 575.5 ± 202.8; P < 0.001), especially in secondary school pupils (secondary: 321.6 ± 127.5; primary: 579.2 ± 216.3; P < 0.001). Minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity accumulated in school accounted for 29.4 ± 9.8% of total weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity overall but varied by sector (preschool: 37.4 ± 6.2%; primary: 33.6 ± 8.1%; secondary: 23.0 ± 9.3%; F = 114.3, P < 0.001). Approximately half of the children with the lowest in-school activity compensated out of school during the week (47.4%) and about one-third at the weekend (30.0%). Overall, physical activity during the school day appears to be lower than that out of school, especially in secondary school children, who accumulate a lower proportion of their total weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at school than younger children. As low in-school activity was compensated for beyond the school setting by less than half of children, promoting physical activity within the school day is important, especially in secondary schools.     

The NAAEE Workshop on Developing Guidelines for Qualitative Research in Environmental Education: An analysis of premises,processes and products

This article comments on the draft research guidelines prepared by Smith-Sebasto arising from the 1997 Annual Conference of the North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). It critically reviews premises regarding: (a) the viability of one set of guidelines for all qualitative research approaches; (b) the viability of one set of guidelines for designing, conducting and reporting research; and (c) the uniqueness of EE research. It also reviews the workshop setting as a venue for addressing research training needs and for developing research guidelines. Then, it reviews the draft guidelines for organization,scope, inclusiveness, bias, and attention to evolving practice. It closes with a recommendation that these guidelines be more carefully reviewed and refined.