University Physics Students’ Motives for Taking Part in an Orientation Teacher Education Course

A problem posing orientation teacher education course has been developed at Utrecht University for physics students. For that purpose, an inventory study of the 1995 orientation physics course was carried and is reported here. The research focus was: What were students’ initial motives for attending the orientation course? How do these motives change during the course? In this study, students were asked at three different moments to describe (the change in) their motives for taking part in the course: at the start, halfway and at the end of the course. Moreover, students’ logbooks and learning reports were analysed. Five motives have been found, the most important being the desire to learn whether being a secondary school teacher will suit them, with job prospects and acquiring presentation skills being important motives as well. These results offer a basis for the development of a preliminary ‘didactical structure’ for the course.     

关于柯西中值定理的中间点的渐近点和渐近公式

本文得到了当x→α时柯西中值定理的中间点ζ=α+θ(x-α)中的θ的渐近值定理及两个推论,并且得到了θ的渐近公式,由此得到当x→α时,中间点ζ=α+θ(x-α)的渐近点和渐近公式。     

优生素对草杂鸡生长性能及淋巴器官发育的影响

本试验研究了优生素对雏鸡的生长性能及其淋巴器官发育的影响。试验选用200只一日龄草杂雏鸡,随机分为两组,即对照组和试验组,100只/组。优生素按照500g/t添加到基础日粮中。试验结束时,每组采集20只鸡的胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏等样品置于Bouin固定液中固定,常规方法制作组织切片,H.E染色,奥林巴斯显微镜观察拍照。结果表明,试验组鸡的日增重较对照组高,差异显著(p<0.05);采食量试验组鸡较对照组低,差异不显著(p>0.05);料肉比试验组鸡比对照组低,差异不显著(p>0.05);试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚,胸腺小体增多;腔上囊皱襞发达,退化延缓;脾动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结体积大。试验结果显示优生素可提高雏鸡日增重和饲料转化率,促进胸腺和腔上囊的早期发育,延缓腔上囊的退化,增强脾的免疫应答反映。     

朱振家本《古代汉语》注释的两个问题

目前国内使用面较广的朱振家本《古代汉语》教材在注释方面存在两个问题：一是有少数注解不合情理，与意相 格；二是教材内部有自相矛盾现象，使人无所适从。建议再作修订时予以重视。     

Evidence for the role of higher order reasoning processes in cue competition and other learning phenomena

When people judge the contingency between a target cue and an outcome, they also take into account the contingency between the outcome and other cues with which the target cue co-occurred. Several authors have argued that such cue competition effects are due to higher order reasoning processes. We review the evidence that supports this hypothesis and discuss whether higher order reasoning might also play a role in other learning phenomena.     

隋"国计之富"与隋之速亡

隋朝素以“国计之富”艳称于中国历史，实际上隋的富庶，在某种程度上被夸大了，并不尽属实。隋代速亡，原因何在?或以为就在于其“国计之富”，也不符合史实，隋短祚而亡，原因主要在其内部离心因素过多。     

Author Index

Author Index

Author Index     

半环R上的L-Fuzzy左(右)理想及性质

定义了半环R上的L Fuzzy左 (右 )理想 ,讨论了其上的一些性质     

Using multiple methods to investigate eleven-year-olds’ experiences of preparing for a high-stakes public examination in Trinidad and Tobago

This study was designed to uncover and evaluate unintended and indirect consequences of using the Secondary Entrance Assessment (SEA) in Trinidad and Tobago for high-stakes selection and placement. A major argument is that the test-taker is central to consequences, both intended and unintended. Data were obtained from eleven-year-olds preparing and taking the examination using multiple qualitative methods, which privilege agency and personal and social consciousness. Methods capturing the test-takers’ experience included diaries, focus groups, drawings, photovoice, and photo-elicitation. The findings were summarised by a theory of action and reported in integrated themes. Test preparation was mostly drill and practice. Both test preparation and test-taking were emotion-eliciting events requiring significant investment in positive social relationships to buffer negative impact. The costs and impact of early high-stakes examinations in Trinidad and Tobago might be higher than anticipated.     

论罪刑法定原则和刑罚个别化原则

罪刑法定原则和刑罚个别化原则是现代刑法两大基本原则，罪刑法定原则遵循的是严格规则主义，而刑罚个别化原则则要求司法的自由裁量权，这两大原则本质上是相互对立的。然而，由于各种因素的作用。两大原则逐渐出现折衷调和的趋势，主要表现在罪刑法定原则吸收刑罚个别比原则的合理因素，由绝对走向相对，而刑罚个别化原则是在罪刑法定框架内的自由裁量。