Gender Differences in Computer-related Control Beliefs and Home Computer Use

This study explores gender differences in home computer use and control beliefs relative to being able to use computers. Perceived control of computer usage was measured in 152 Grade 8 Norwegian students. One group of students ( n = 58) had no computer training and did not use computers at school. In this group, males were found to have greater perceived control of the computer as well as greater confidence in own success, compared with females. Another group of students ( n = 94) had computer training in school. No gender differences were found in this group. The results are discussed in terms of sex stereotypes and the impact of computer training.     

General or Specific Learning of Figure‐Ground Perception

Abstract

B?, O. 1978. General or Specific Learning of Figure‐Ground Perception. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 22, 129‐153. Two training programs, one for auditory and one for visual figure‐ground perception, were constructed. The training effect for each program was tested in small groups of 8 pupils and the gain compared with a control group. The pupils were partly from an institution for brain damaged children and partly from an institution for mentally retarded. The effect measured was the pre‐test‐post‐test difference on tests for auditory and for visual figure‐ground perception. Both training groups showed higher gain score than the control group on both tests, but the effect was significant only for visual training on visual figure‐ground perception.     

Knowledge about Aging and Alzheimer Disease: A Comparison of Professional Caregivers and Noncaregivers

This study assessed professional caregivers of persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) and non-caregivers' knowledge about aging and AD. Participants completed modified versions of the Alzheimer Disease Knowledge Test and the multiple-choice version of the Facts on Aging Quiz #1. Overall, knowledge levels about AD and aging were low. Caregivers were found to be more knowledgeable about AD than were noncaregivers (58% and 42% correct, respectively), but these groups did not differ on knowledge about aging (40% and 39% correct, respectively). The most common misconceptions and areas of ignorance on the two tests demonstrate that participants rely on age stereotypes.     

中国食物可持续消费内涵及其实现路径

食物消费是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的消费活动。践行食物可持续消费模式是构建绿色生活方式、建设生态文明的必然要求。目前中国居民食物消费领域呈现出膳食结构变化大、消费方式多元化等特征,同时存在不合理消费带来的健康隐患、食物浪费严重以及食品安全事件频发等诸多问题,严重制约了中国食物消费的可持续发展。文章探讨了食物可持续消费的定义、原则、特征及其相关概念的辨析,进一步提出了现阶段中国食物可持续消费的实现路径,即立足中国实际,从制度设计、方案制定、示范推广、科普引导和监测评估五个步骤着手构建食物可持续消费模式。本文研究结论指出应当重点关注大中城市和贫困农村等重点区域,并聚焦流动人口和中小学生等重点人群,在居民家庭和餐饮行业等重点领域优先探索构建食物可持续消费模式。     

音乐舞蹈在中学体育教学中的运用

音乐舞蹈引入中学体育课的教学 ,有许多按传统教法教学所不具有的长处 ,它对提高课的质量有积极的作用。本文通过对有关音乐舞蹈引入中学体育课的作用及对它的研究成果的综合分析 ,从理论上探讨了它的可行性、必要性 ;作为一种体育教学方法和手段 ,讨论了它在运用中需要注意和有待解决的几个问题     

Prisoners’ academic motivation,viewed from the perspective of self-determination theory: Evidence from a population of Norwegian prisoners

International Review of Education - The study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using...     

Using a control group to evaluate a resource room program

The effectiveness of a resource room program was examined by testing 162 second- through sixth-grade students who had learning problems severe enough to qualify them for special services. Half of the students were randomly assigned to a resource room, while the others remained in the regular class. Results indicated that the children who were provided with resource room services as well as those who spent the entire day in the regular class gained significanlty in achievement over the year-long study. There was evidence on two of the four dependent variables that the resource room students gained more than those in the regular classroom. However, additional analyses found that these observed differences were relatively weak. If the control group had not been used, gains in achievement might have been attributed to the resource room, emphasizing the importance of using a control group.     

Shifting Perspectives on Comparative Research: A view from the USA

The evolution of scholarship in comparative education in the USA has reached a point where several observations are possible. While there is variation in methodology and theory, three principal perspectives tend to be represented in most contemporary articles published in the top journals in the field. These might be referred to as being area studies based, social science disciplinary based, or development/planning studies based. In this article we briefly trace the evolution of these perspectives, identify some stress points in the field, and look ahead to whether or not the field is facing competition among these perspectives or convergence. We suggest that the field of comparative education, not being bound by one or another of these perspectives, can play a significant role in the reconstruction of learning.     

从封闭到开放——学校组织变革的分析

进入21世纪,作为一种重要的社会组织的学校必然要变革。其变革内容包括目标、方法、策略等。“学习型学校”正是学校组织变迁的目标。