When bodies matter: significance of the body in gender constructions in physiotherapy education

This article examines which bodily performances indicate the significance of gender in the skills training of physiotherapy students. It is based on a qualitative study of first-year students' skills training in a Norwegian physiotherapy education programme. The study draws inspiration from Paechter's theory of the communities of masculinities and femininities, which argues that the material body is significant in gender construction. These findings indicate how, both historically and contemporarily, gender norms are strongly interwoven into students' bodily performances during their professional training. This bodily performance conforms to heteronormativity. Based on these findings, we argue that within critical educational studies of gender there is a need for theoretical frameworks that include a focus on the material body as a site of gender performance.     

General Media and Related Subjects

Paul Wasserman and Janiece McLean's Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1973—$45.00),

Brian Rust's The Complete Entertainment Discography from the mid-1890s to 1942 (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$12.95)

Stefan Kanfer's A Journal of the Plague Years (New York: Atheneum, 1973—$7.95)

K. Aubrey Stone's I'm Sorry, the Monopoly You Have Reached is not in Service (New York: Pallantine/Grassroots, 1973—$1.50, paper)

Richard F. Hixson's Mass Media: A Casebook (New York: Crowell, 1973—price not known, paperback),

Donald I. Rogers' Since You Went Away (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$8.95),     

MOTIVATIONAL INFLUENCES ON ELDERLY TEST PERFORMANCE

An important reaction to individuals involved in problem solving is that of knowing the accuracy of their responses. Prior research has established that young adults are accurate in estimating correctness to responses on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The present study extended these findings to the elderly and also considered whether ability‐extraneous variables (e.g., fatigue) influence either accuracy in judging correctness or IQ score. The WAIS was administered to 44 community‐dwelling elderly citizens in a counterbalanced manner to control for motivational influences. The examinee's IQs and estimations of correctness were measured. Materials included standard WAIS protocols and forms on which the examinees wrote a plus (+) or minus (—) after each response, indicating feelings of correctness as +, or of an incorrect answer as —. Results show that older examinees are highly accurate in their feelings of correctness. Analyses of variance and covariance indicated order of presentation significantly influences accuracy in reporting correctness. While IQ score was not affected by order of presentation, mean performance IQ score was significantly lower than mean verbal IQ score. Findings suggest that older persons seem uncomfortable with ambiguity and seem to possess an unrealistic fear of failure. Persons involved in educating the elderly should strive to assist in the reevaluation of unattainable goals. By having more realistic goals and early successes in a program, the older learner can reduce unpleasant emotional states and is more likely to remain in a program.     

Transforming the “Third Mission” in Norwegian Higher Education Institutions: A Boundary Object Theory Approach

Higher education institutions (HEIs) in Norway have been subjected to several reforms in recent decades. There are transformed relationships between institutions and their environment, and higher educations’ third mission is emphasized. To improve our understanding of HEIs’ third mission, this paper employs boundary object theory, enabling us to see how shifting projects are shaped and negotiated within these institutions. The paper concludes with a discussion of five main projects that are evident in third-mission presentations: the entrepreneurial project, the local and regional involvement project, the mode 2 project, the popular-science project, and the reputation project.     

Situated Learning and Assessment

The theories of situated learning suggest two different interpretations of what ought to be understood by the concept of full participation: a traditional idea, emphasising the idea of a centre or core which is termed 'full participation', and a modern idea, that stresses the multiple and the weaving relations between different kinds of full participation. Both ideas of participation tend to result in a sociological reductionism, over-emphasising the concepts of power and negotiations. This paper has investigated the conditions for producing assessments. It has been found that it is possible to connect the traditional idea of full participation to an idea of a community of knowledge, which can be further described with the help of concepts like tradition, curriculum and virtue. It has also been found that it is possible to connect recent theories of judgement and relativism to the modern version of full participation.     

基于科技创新项目的培养模式研究与实践

学生科技创作是学生专业技术的综合应用,是学校创新实践教学,推进教学改革的一项举措.分析了科技创新项目在本科创新型人才培养的作用与成效.通过引用典型的实例验证,开放独立实验室,引导大学生参加科技创新,能充分锻炼其工程分析、创新能力,培养其良好的交流与组织协调能力.     

When mere knowledge is not enough: the potential of bildung as self-determination,co-determination and solidarity

How can higher education educate graduates who know more than ‘just knowledge’? Such an education includes developing in students an awareness of the limits of their knowledge, an ability to discern what kinds of knowledge are appropriate in a given situation and a sensitivity to different forms of knowing. When is scientific rigour appropriate and when is another type of knowing appropriate? When should one set aside own preferences in favour of the needs of others? This paper rethinks ‘bildung’ as a source of ideas on aims for teaching students. Making the arguably ephemeral ideal of bildung work in practice can be an obstacle. This paper, however, takes it as a positive challenge, exploring ways in which bildung might be appropriate in professional education. If bildung can be helpful even within this most applied part of higher education, implications in terms of the development of more readily applicable and fully inclusive notions of bildung would benefit not only professional education but also higher education more generally. Drawing on work by Wolfgang Klafki, the authors argue the value of updated notions of bildung. Klafki's three-part conception of bildung as self-determination, co-determination and solidarity helps reconnect the importance of personal development with that of peer communities (e.g., professional bodies) and action for others. Klafki's framework facilitates working with ethical-epistemological questions such as these.