The BASES expert statement on emotion regulation in sport

Emotions experienced before and during sports competition have been found to influence sports performance. Emotion regulation is defined as the automatic or deliberate use of strategies to initiate, maintain, modify or display emotions (Gross & Thompson, 2007) and is proposed to occur when a discrepancy exists between current and desired emotions. Two distinct motivations to regulate emotion - hedonic and instrumental (in short, for pleasure or for purpose) - have been proposed (Tamir, 2009). The instrumental approach might provide a more fruitful area of investigation for sports researchers as some athletes hold beliefs that supposedly pleasant emotions such as happiness and calmness associate with poor performance and supposedly unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and anger associate with good performance (Hanin, 2010). Athletes are more likely to try to regulate an emotion if they believe that doing so will facilitate performance. Strategies that encourage re-appraisal of factors that trigger emotions are proposed to be preferable. In this British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) expert statement, a summary of the key theoretical issues are offered leading to evidence-based recommendations for practitioners and researchers.     

新时代我国体育强国建设的现实困境与突破路径

建设体育强国是实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要组成部分。运用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对新时代我国体育强国建设面临的困境进行分析及研究。结论:我国体育强国建设中存在群众体育基础不扎实、竞技体育发展失衡、体育产业整体实力不强、体育文化建设滞后、体育外交缺乏整体规划等问题。突破路径:夯实群众体育基础、均衡发展竞技体育、提升体育产业实力、加快推进体育文化建设、加强体育外交整体规划等。     

云南傣族文献遗产研究价值与开发利用探析

云南省傣族文献遗产种类繁多,内容丰富,对研究傣族社会历史、文化变迁、宗教传播、民众的生产生活具有重要价值.傣族文献遗产的开发利用可以从拓展开发渠道、挖掘潜在资源和特色文化内涵、数字化处理文献遗产、建立数据库和完善保障措施等方面来具体进行.     

Molecular game theory for a toxin-dominant food chain model

Animal toxins that are used to subdue prey and deter predators act as the key drivers in natural food chains and ecosystems. However, the predators of venomous animals may exploit feeding adaptation strategies to overcome toxins their prey produce. Much remains unknown about the genetic and molecular game process in the toxin-dominant food chain model. Here, we show an evolutionary strategy in different trophic levels of scorpion-eating amphibians, scorpions and insects, representing each predation relationship in habitats dominated by the paralytic toxins of scorpions. For scorpions preying on insects, we found that the scorpion α-toxins irreversibly activate the skeletal muscle sodium channel of their prey (insect, BgNa_V1) through a membrane delivery mechanism and an efficient binding with the Asp/Lys-Tyr motif of BgNa_V1. However, in the predatory game between frogs and scorpions, with a single point mutation (Lys to Glu) in this motif of the frog''s skeletal muscle sodium channel (fNa_V1.4), fNa_V1.4 breaks this interaction and diminishes muscular toxicity to the frog; thus, frogs can regularly prey on scorpions without showing paralysis. Interestingly, this molecular strategy also has been employed by some other scorpion-eating amphibians, especially anurans. In contrast to these amphibians, the Asp/Lys-Tyr motifs are structurally and functionally conserved in other animals that do not prey on scorpions. Together, our findings elucidate the protein-protein interacting mechanism of a toxin-dominant predator-prey system, implying the evolutionary game theory at a molecular level.     

The impact of sequencing and prior knowledge on learning mathematics through spreadsheet applications

According to cognitive load theory, instruction needs to be designed in a manner that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge in long-term memory while reducing unnecessary demands on working memory. When technology is used to deliver instruction, the sequence in which students learn to use the technology and learn the relevant subject matter may have cognitive load implications, and should interact with their prior knowledge levels. An experiment, using spreadsheets to assist studient learning of mathematics, indicated that for studients with little knowledge of spreadsheets, sequential instruction on spreadsheets followed by mathematics instruction was superior to a concurrent presentation. The reverse was found for studients with more knowledge of spreadsheets. These results are explained in terms of cognitive load theory.     

X战警2

Those intrepid (勇猛的) X-Men are back for more. This time they have to fight against an evil power out to destroy all the mutants (突变异种) on Earth while continuing their struggle to bring peace between the humans and the mutants.     

中美合作研制敦煌数字图像档案

中国敦煌研究院、世界各地的博物馆和图书馆 ,与安德鲁·Ｗ·梅隆基金会正在通力合作 ,为中国敦煌石窟的壁画及其相关艺术、文献制作高质量的数字图像 ,并将其并入一个学术性的电子档案。在中国国家文物局和甘肃省文物局的支持下 ,敦煌研究院、梅隆基金会以及其他参加者 ,期望这个开拓性项目能够促进记录和保存敦煌石窟艺术的工作 ,并进一步推动全世界学术和艺术的发展。一　运用先进技术记录石窟艺术与敦煌研究院合作 ,美国西北大学的专家使用先进的数码相机拍摄敦煌石窟中 2 2个洞窟的壁画和雕塑 ,并制作成数字图像。他们采用的第一种拍摄…