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121.
Effortful Control Predicts Adolescent Antisocial‐Aggressive Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms: Co‐Occurrence and Moderation by Impulsivity
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Frances L. Wang Laurie Chassin Nancy Eisenberg Tracy L. Spinrad 《Child development》2015,86(6):1812-1829
Effortful control is associated with fewer aggressive‐antisocial behaviors (AAB) and depressive symptoms (DEP), but impulsivity may moderate these relations. However, few researchers have considered the effects of AAB‐DEP co‐occurrence. A multi‐informant, multimethod approach assessed 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds’ effortful control and impulsivity and, 5–6 years later, their AAB and DEP (N = 474). Participants were non‐Hispanic Caucasian (59.2%) or Hispanic (27.9%) from a Southwestern U.S. metropolitan area. Low effortful control predicted pure AAB. Low effortful control and low impulsivity predicted pure DEP and co‐occurring AAB‐DEP. An effortful Control × Impulsivity × Age interaction predicted pure AAB and co‐occurring AAB‐DEP. For older adolescents, lower effortful control predicted more symptoms only at average and high impulsivity. Results highlight multiple pathways to pure DEP versus pure AAB or co‐occurring AAB‐DEP. 相似文献
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Tracy A. Kugler David C. Van Riper Steven M. Manson David A. Haynes II Joshua Donato Katie Stinebaugh 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2015,11(2):180-206
The Terra Populus project (TerraPop) addresses a variety of data management, curation, and preservation challenges with respect to spatiotemporal population and environmental data. In this article, we describe our approaches to these challenges, with a particular focus on geospatial data workflows and associated provenance metadata. The goal of TerraPop is to enable research, learning, and policy analysis by providing integrated spatiotemporal data describing people and their environment. To do so, TerraPop is assembling a globe-spanning and temporally extensive collection of high-quality population and environmental data, ensuring good documentation, and developing a Web-based data access system that enables users to assemble customized integrated data sets drawing on a variety of data sources and formats. We describe TerraPop's collection strategies, detail the geospatial workflows involved in preparing data for ingest into the project database and those used to transform data across formats for dissemination, and discuss the system used to capture and manage provenance metadata throughout the project. A key aspect of the project is the development of global current and historical administrative unit boundaries that can be linked to census data. These boundaries serve as the linchpin of TerraPop's data integration strategy, and constitute an important data set in their own right. 相似文献
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Tracy Goodson-Espy 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1998,36(3):219-245
This study utilized a psychological constructivist perspective to examine the transitions that students make from arithmetic to algebra in the context of problems, that from the expert's perspective, involve the concept of linear inequality. Unstructured interviews were used to gather data that were used to develop an explanation concerning student understanding. Thirteen college students were interviewed individually and asked to solve nine related tasks. The interviews were videotaped and the protocols were analyzed to document student conceptions. Five case studies were used to develop and substantiate an explanation regarding students' transitions from arithmetic to algebra. Cifarelli's (1988) levels of reflective abstraction and Sfard and Linchevski's (1994) theory of reification provided a framework for this explanation. This paper discusses an integration of Cifarelli and Sfard's constructs. Students who completed a transition to algebra operated at higher levels of reflective abstraction than students who were unable to complete such a transition. Operating at higher levels of reflective abstraction enabled these students to consider concepts as both processes and abstract objects. Developing this ability was found to be critical in achieving a transition to using algebraic methods. 相似文献
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Kathleen Hogan 《Research in Science Education》1999,29(4):457-477
The purpose of this study was to apply the depth of cognitive processing construct to a social constructivist analysis of
students' collaborative knowledge building in science. Ten sensemaking discussions of five groups of 8th grade students in
five physical science classrooms were analysed. Sense-making discussions were defined by the teachers as those in which students
explained thier laboratory observations, or construted, applied, and refined conceptual models of the nature of matter. Discussion
diagrams were used to depict both the conceptual content and the reasoning processes within the peer groups' discussions.
Depth of processing was judged by the extent to which students elaborated on and connected ideas, scrutinised and clarified
propositions, constructed explanations rather than reiterated observations, and backed explanations with evidence. Two of
the groups tended to process information on a surface level, while the other three groups tended to engage in deeper processing.
The interplay of depth of sociocognitive processing with the motivational, cognitive, and discursive elements of groups' interactions
are discussed, as is the relationship between accuracy of ideas and depth of processing. Finally, suggestions are made for
how both student and teacher strategies can be enhanced to increase students' depth of sociocognitive processing when they
collaboratively build knowledge with their peers. 相似文献
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Pádraig Hogan 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2003,37(2):207-223
This essay seeks to show that teaching and learning are to be properly understood, not as an undertaking carried out on the will of a higher power or party, but as a way of life with an integrity of its own, arising from its own integral purposes. The essay thus seeks to provide an understanding of educational practice and of educational thought that contrasts in key respects with Alasdair MacIntyre's understanding, though also with a some notable parallels. A largely forgotten 'Socrates of Athens' is identified as furnishing the original inspiration for the understanding of education explored in the essay. Some influential modern (and postmodern) negations of this understanding are then reviewed. Arising from its investigation of teaching and learning as a singular kind of relationship, the essay concludes with a brief sketch of some virtues that might constitute the way of life in question, in its more active and its more reflective moments. 相似文献
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