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151.
As the first settlers noticed, New Zealand is a country very prone to violent earth movements and since the severe Wellington earthquake of 1855 there have been several others of large magnitude. New Zealand is also a volcanic country and three of its principal cities have been built on, or near, volcanoes. This article reviews recent developments in plate tectonics in the context of the New Zealand situation. 相似文献
152.
153.
A measure of stroke smoothness (SS) has been presented previously to indicate the degree to which rowers produce an “ideal”
handle force profile that of the positive half of a sine wave [2]. This study aimed to determine the influence of fatigue on SS. Ten male rowers completed a maximal intensity trial. Fast
Fourier transform methods were used to calculate SS which was given by the amplitude of the fundamental frequency as a percentage
of the sum of the first ten peaks. Visual inspection of the data showed indications of a reduction in movement coordination
as a function of fatigue. However, SS did not change significantly between the first, middle and last ten strokes (p = 0.205), despite a 21% reduction in mean power between the start and end of the trial. The results suggested that although
the shape of the force profile can qualitatively indicate a reduction in movement coordination, the smoothness of the force
profiles remains similar with fatigue. 相似文献
154.
Trevor Rayment 《Educational studies》2000,26(2):165-176
There have been calls for a radical revision of National Curriculum Art. A number of prominent academics have argued that its inadequate theoretical base has led to unsatisfactory formalist and normative tendencies in school-based art courses. The paper describes a small-scale survey, using the repertory grid technique, of the opinions and attitudes of experienced heads of art departments in comprehensive schools. Although the results indicate some areas of dissatisfaction, there is a clear overall consensus for acceptance of the mandatory framework. Such views are clearly at odds with most published discourse about National Curriculum Art. It is suggested that the school teachers' attitude to art education is an essentially pragmatic one, which recognises many forms of accountability. 相似文献
155.
Trevor Gale 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(2):125-134
The messages teachers convey to their students through their use of language can often go unconsidered, yet such practices can have a significant impact on students and their schooling, and in the creation of learning difficulties. In this paper we employ a discursive and ideological approach to analysing teachers’ language practices and suggest that such systematic examination is warranted given the centrality of ‘teacher talk’ to students’ schooling. We draw attention to these concerns through an analysis of a spoken text between a teacher and student in the context of ‘show and tell’; a dialogue drawn from a larger body of data of interviews with and observations of teachers in six Australian primary schools. The analysis attempts to uncover the meanings conveyed to the student in question, Sam, through his teacher’s language practices and to demonstrate the potentially detrimental effects of these practices on his schooling. Generally, we propose that teachers frequently employ linguistic techniques to refashion students in various ways, according to the norms of schooling; norms that often do not account very well for student difference and which position them as ‘difficult’. Specifically, we argue that Sam’s teacher seems more interested in moulding Sam’s behaviour to conform to the interests of the school than in valuing his heritage and contributions. 相似文献
156.
The role of grammar instruction in the teaching of writing is contested in most Anglophone countries, with several robust meta-analyses finding no evidence of any beneficial effect. However, existing research is limited in that it only considers isolated grammar instruction and offers no theorisation of an instructional relationship between grammar and writing. This study, drawing on a theorised understanding of grammar as a meaning-making resource for writing development, set out to investigate the impact of contextualised grammar instruction on students’ writing performance. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, with a randomised controlled trial and a complementary qualitative study. The statistical analyses indicate a positive effect on writing performance for the intervention group (e = 0.21; p < 0.001); but the study also indicates that the intervention impact differentially on different sub-groups, benefiting able writers more than weaker writers. The study is significant in being the first to supply rigorous, theorised evidence for the potential benefits of teaching grammar to support development in writing. 相似文献
157.
Trevor Heath 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(2):155-160
Summaries English Observations and other forms of perception are fundamental to the practice of science. These involve attention to a stimulus, and discrimination and categorization of the sensory input. The available evidence indicates that perception improves with practice; that it is helped if distinctive and discriminatory features are identified and are highlighted; and that this can be done with contrasting examples. Knowledge of categories into which stimuli may be sorted, and of relevant language, may provide a framework for perception. The interpretation of a perceptual stimulus is influenced by previously‐learned knowledge, intellectual skills and cognitive strategies, and by the person's mental set. 相似文献
158.
Carmen Mills Trevor Gale 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(4):433-447
The injustices of ‘allowing certain people to succeed, based not upon merit but upon the cultural experiences, the social ties and the economic resources they have access to, often remains unacknowledged in the broader society’ (Wacquant, 1998, p. 216). Cognizant of this, the authors argue that education requires researchers’ renewed examination and explanation of its involvement in the construction of social and economic differences. Specifically, they make the case for researchers to consider the theoretical work of Pierre Bourdieu, outlining what they understand by a Bourdieuian methodology, which is informed by socially critical and poststructural understandings of the world. Such methodology attempts to dig beneath surface appearances, asking how social systems work. By asking ‘whose interests are being served and how’ (Tripp, 1998, p. 37) in the social arrangements we find, Bourdieu can help us to ‘work towards a more just social order’ (Lenzo, 1995, p. 17). 相似文献
159.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to find a more optimal blade design for rowing performance than the Big Blade, which has been shown to be less than optimal for propulsion. As well as the Big Blade, a flat Big Blade, a flat rectangular blade, and a rectangular blade with the same curvature and projected area as the Big Blade were tested in a water flume to determine their fluid dynamic characteristics at the full range of angles at which the oar blade might present itself to the water. Similarities were observed between the flat Big Blade and rectangular blades. However, the curved rectangular blade generated significantly more lift in the angle range 0 – 90° than the curved Big Blade, although it was similar between 90 and 180°. This difference was attributed to the shape of the upper and lower edges of the blade and their influence on the fluid flow around the blade. Although the influence of oar blade design on boat speed was not investigated here, the significant increases in fluid force coefficients for the curved rectangular blade suggest that this new oar blade design could elicit a practically significant improvement in rowing performance. 相似文献
160.