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81.
Trevor J. Buser 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2008,48(2):86-100
The literature on counselor training has included attention to cognitive and interpersonal skill development and has reported on empirical findings regarding the relationship of training with client outcomes. This article reviews the literature on each of these topics and discusses empirical and theoretical underpinnings of recently developed approaches to counselor training: the Skilled Group Counselor Training Model (M. H. Smaby, C. D. Maddux, E. Torres‐Rivera, & R. Zimmick, 1999) and the Skilled Counselor Training Model (S. Urbani et al., 2002). Critique of this literature includes suggestions for further research on the effectiveness of counselor training. 相似文献
82.
Inquiry is seen as an integral part of science education in the USA; however, few American science programs explicitly focus
on the higher order thinking skills that are the precursors to inquiry. In this paper, Australian researchers report the result
of using a version of the Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) program in a school district in Oregon (USA)
to address teacher-identified concerns about student competence in scientific inquiry. The substantial effect of CASE on British
children’s cognitive development and scholastic achievement has been demonstrated convincingly since its inception in the
United Kingdom in 1981. The Oregon CASE project was not a mere replication of the original British CASE research: different
instruments were employed, and both the measures of cognitive level and student achievement were Rasch-calibrated. The Oregon
CASE teachers received comparatively less professional development than did their British counterparts. Neither did they deliver
the entire intervention. The results of the study suggest that many of the benefits of CASE still apply when the intervention
is conducted in a sub-optimal setting. Cognitive growth was apparent in participating students and high correlations were
found between cognitive level and results in some state-mandated tests. 相似文献
83.
Clare Roberts Trevor Mazzucchelli Kelly Taylor Rosine Reid 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2003,50(3):275-292
This article reviews research on intervention for young children with dual developmental and behavioural problems. It makes a case for intervention to include family variables and to occur in the preschool years. Behaviour problems are common in young children with developmental disabilities. If untreated these problems are likely to persist and become more challenging and severe in adulthood. Behaviour problems interfere with cognitive, social and emotional development, create additional family stress, often lead to exclusion from community services, and result in additional financial costs to the community. Intervention research provides some support for the effectiveness of parent management training and interventions based upon applied behaviour analysis. However, randomised controlled trials with adequate follow-up periods are required, along with the measurement of outcomes for the family as a whole. 相似文献
84.
The main purpose of this study was to develop a Rasch Measurement Physical Fitness Scale (RMPFS) based on physical fitness indicators routinely used in Hong Kong primary schools. A total of 9,439 records of students' performances on physical fitness indicators, retrieved from the database of a Hong Kong primary school, were used to develop the Rasch scale. Following a series of iterative Rasch analyses that adopted the “data should fit the model” approach, four physical fitness indicators (i.e., 6-min run, 9-min run, 1-min sit-ups, and dominant handgrip) were successfully calibrated to form the RMPFS. The RMPFS and its scale indicators showed fit to the Rasch model sufficient for the intended purposes of measuring the overall fitness of children. The overall physical fitness measure reflects children's fitness on three key core components of physical fitness (i.e., cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular endurance, and muscular strength). Advantages of the RMPFS are discussed, and recommendations for future research follow. The findings of this study provide a better knowledge basis for interpreting children's physical fitness assessment results. 相似文献
85.
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87.
Piaget's investigations into children's understanding of the laws governing the movement of a simple pendulum were first reported in 1955 as part of a report into how children's knowledge of the physical world changes during development. Chapter 4 of Inhelder & Piaget (1955/1958) entitled `The Oscillation of a Pendulum and the Operations of Exclusion' demonstrated how adolescents could construct the experimental strategies necessary to isolate each of the variables, exclude the irrelevant factors and conclude concerning the causal role of length. This became one of the most easily replicable tasks from the Genevan school and was used in a number of important investigations to detect the onset of formal operational thinking. While it seems that the pendulum investigation fits nicely into Piaget's sequence of studies of concepts such as time, distance and speed suggested to him by Einstein, more recent research (Bond 2001) shows Inhelder to be directly responsible for the investigations into children's induction of physical laws. The inter-relationship between the pendulum problem, developing thought and scientific method is revealed in a number of Genevan and post-Piagetian investigations. 相似文献
88.
Yola Center James Ward Trevor Parmenter Rieke Nash 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1985,32(3):149-161
Principals from N.S.W. government and non‐government schools were surveyed to elicit their attitudes towards the integration of individual disabled‐children and the support services currently provided. Attitudes forwards mildly intellectually handicapped students in particular were also examined. Analysis of principals’ ratings for each educational/behavioural disability specified indicates that they are positive only about integrating children who demand neither extra competencies nor extra curricular duties from the regular class teacher. Results also suggest that principals are dissatisfied with the quality and quantity of support services routinely provided and now seek resource personnel with the expertise to directly assist the regular teacher in the classroom. Sub‐group variations among principals on both issues are also reported. Data on mildly intellectually handicapped students indicate little attitudinal change since a study undertaken in 1978, although knowledge of the most effective support services for this population appears to have increased. Implications of these findings for policy and practice are discussed. 相似文献
89.
90.
Marie Knox Trevor R. Parmenter 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1990,37(1):45-55
USING a structured interview format this exploratory study sought the views of 73 young people with a range of disabilities regarding means for ensuring an effective transition from school to adult life for people with disabilities. A wide range of views was elicited focussing on the roles that both the school and community can play. Included in their suggestions were the need for a planned transition process, a job‐related school curriculum and structured procedures to facilitate community integration. Most importantly, however, the study has highlighted the valuable contribution made by service consumers in providing useful and meaningful information. Implications of the results of the study for future program development and research efforts are discussed. 相似文献