战略规划视角下学术图书馆转型路径研究

[目的/意义] 为我国学术图书馆研究制定"十四五"战略规划及规划设计转型发展路径提供理论借鉴和实践参考。[方法/过程] 选取国内外知名图书馆及其组织近十年的战略规划及具有战略意义的政策文件、愿景目标、趋势报告、年度报告、年会主题等文本为样本，通过统计其中的"转型"词频和内容，分析其转型特点和发展趋势，归纳其转型实践路径和实施策略。[结果/结论] 国内外图书馆普遍对"转型"持积极的态度，其转型路径、具体实践和实施策略主要体现在定位、资源、服务、空间和组织管理等5个方面。     

“十四五”图书馆基础服务的创新发展研究

[目的/意义]目前图书馆行业的管理与服务创新均以数字化、智慧化为主,但在这些业务快速发展的同时,切不可忽略图书馆基础服务的发展。[方法/过程]在广泛调研的基础上,结合信息技术的发展趋势对当前公共图书馆、学术图书馆基础服务的梳理,认为当前图书馆基础服务存在数字资源下载的方式不统一、纸电分别服务、基础服务缺乏必要的绩效评价机制、智能设备相对“弱智能”等问题。[结果/结论]提出“十四五”期间图书馆基础服务创新发展建议,为各图书馆“十四五”规划的制订提供思路,促进未来五年图书馆事业的进步。     

医学相关领域开放关联数据集调查研究

[目的/意义]关联数据的研究对于数据资源的描述、组织、发布、检索、利用等具有重要意义。医学相关领域拥有庞大的数据规模和发达的数据共享实践,对该领域开放关联数据集进行系统的调查研究,对关联数据集的共享、管理、应用而言有重要的参考价值。[方法/过程]从平台分布、主题、格式、链入链出关系、所用词表等维度就医学相关领域的85个开放关联数据集进行调查及统计分析;从药物知识发现、语义关联搜索、智慧医疗建设等方面研究关联数据集的实际应用问题。[结果/结论]归纳医学相关领域开放关联数据集在科学研究和实践应用中的特点,以及在推动语义网发展和支持智慧医疗等方面的欠缺之处,以期促进对语义网、关联数据网络等关联数据发展与应用相关问题的进一步思考、探索和解决。     

Study of flow rate induced measurement error in flow-through nano-hole plasmonic sensor

Flow-through gold film perforated with periodically arrayed sub-wavelength nano-holes can cause extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), which has recently emerged as a label-free surface plasmon resonance sensor in biochemical detection by measuring the transmission spectral shift. This paper describes a systematic study of the effect of microfluidic field on the spectrum of EOT associated with the porous gold film. To detect biochemical molecules, the sub-micron-thick film is free-standing in a microfluidic field and thus subject to hydrodynamic deformation. The film deformation alone may cause spectral shift as measurement error, which is coupled with the spectral shift as real signal associated with the molecules. However, this microfluid-induced measurement error has long been overlooked in the field and needs to be identified in order to improve the measurement accuracy. Therefore, we have conducted simulation and analytic analysis to investigate how the microfluidic flow rate affects the EOT spectrum and verified the effect through experiment with a sandwiched device combining Au/Cr/Si₃N₄ nano-hole film and polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. We found significant spectral blue shift associated with even small flow rates, for example, 12.60 nm for 4.2 μl/min. This measurement error corresponds to 90 times the optical resolution of the current state-of-the-art commercially available spectrometer or 8400 times the limit of detection. This really severe measurement error suggests that we should pay attention to the microfluidic parameter setting for EOT-based flow-through nano-hole sensors and adopt right scheme to improve the measurement accuracy.     

On-chip assay of the effect of topographical microenvironment on cell growth and cell-cell interactions during wound healing

Wound healing is an essential physiological process for tissue homeostasis, involving multiple types of cells, extracellular matrices, and growth factor/chemokine interactions. Many in vitro studies have investigated the interactions between cues mentioned above; however, most of them only focused on a single factor. In the present study, we design a wound healing device to recapitulate in vivo complex microenvironments and heterogeneous cell situations to investigate how three types of physiologically related cells interact with their microenvironments around and with each other during a wound healing process. Briefly, a microfluidic device with a micropillar substrate, where diameter and interspacing can be tuned to mimic the topographical features of the 3D extracellular matrix, was designed to perform positional cell loading on the micropillar substrate, co-culture of three types of physiologically related cells, keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as well as an investigation of their interactions during wound healing. The result showed that cell attachment, morphology, cytoskeleton distribution, and nucleus shape were strongly affected by the micropillars, and these cells showed collaborative response to heal the wound. Taken together, these findings highlight the dynamic relationship between cells and their microenvironments. Also, this reproducible device may facilitate the in vitro investigation of numerous physiological and pathological processes such as cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and tissue engineering.     

采矿工程虚拟仿真实验教学体系建设与实践

采矿工程虚拟实验教学中心构建的"模块化、层次化、多元化"的虚拟仿真实验教学体系,在整合和完善虚拟仿真实验教学资源的同时,建成了一支教学理念先进、学术水平高、教学科研能力强的高素质实验教学队伍;建设了虚拟仿真实验网络信息平台,实现了虚拟仿真实验教学资源的智能化和网络化管理,使学生可自由选择实验时间和实验内容、自主配置虚拟实验仪器设备、自由搭建实验器材开展实验活动;虚拟仿真实验教学平台及实验项目基本实现了行业高校共享。采矿工程虚拟实验教学中心的建设为矿业类大学生实践和创新能力的培养创出了一条新路。     

Needle-free injection of insulin powder: delivery efficiency and skin irritation assessment

Insulin is widely used in treating diabetes, but still needs to be administered by needle injection. This study investigated a new needle-free approach for insulin delivery. A portable powder needleless injection (PNI) device with an automatic mechanical unit was designed. Its efficiency in delivering insulin was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The skin irritation caused by the device was investigated and the results were analyzed in relation to aerodynamic parameters. Inorganic salt-carried insulin powders had hypoglycemic effects, while raw insulin powders were not effective when delivered by PNI, indicating that salt carriers play an important role in the delivery of insulin via PNI. The relative delivery efficiency of phosphate-carried insulin powder using the PNI device was 72.25%. A safety assessment test showed that three key factors (gas pressure, cylinder volume, and nozzle distance) were related to the amount of skin irritation caused by the PNI device. Optimized injection conditions caused minimal skin lesions and are safe to use in practice. The results suggest that PNI has promising prospects as a novel technology for delivering insulin and other biological drugs.     

塔里木河下游地表植被对土壤粒度影响分析——以喀尔达依断面为例

选择塔里木河下游喀尔达依断面,离河道不用距离的6个不同剖面进行粒度测试,并在相同距离进行植被调查,探讨土壤的粒度组成,及其与该地区地表天然植被种类及覆盖程度的关系.最终得出研究区表层土壤粒度随着地表林地面积的锐减发生较明显的粗化现象.为当地的农业土壤改良和防止土地沙化提供一些科学性的参考.     

School Characteristics,Child Work,and Other Daily Activities as Sleep Deficit Predictors in Adolescents from Households with Unsatisfied Basic Needs

Sleep in adolescents has been shown to be an important factor when looking at physical, mental, and social well‐being. Little evidence is found regarding sleep patterns in adolescents from households facing extreme poverty, where conditions such as crowding, poor housing, sanitation or education, and precarious employment set an adverse environment for sleep. In this study, we sought to assess in a nationwide sample comprised of 1,682 adolescents from Argentina, how the presence of extreme poverty—as defined by the presence of unsatisfied basic needs (UBN)—affects the relationship of sleep duration with school, work, and other daily activities. A global high prevalence of short sleeping time, a slight increase of sleep time in adolescents with UBN, and different patterns of wake activities that predict sleep deficit, depending on the presence of UBN, were found. The poor academic achievement, increased risk of accidents, and adverse health outcomes associated with sleep deprivation support the view that sleep is an additional unsatisfied basic need that worsens living conditions at this age. The results may help to design public health policies that contribute to ameliorate this adverse situation.