医学相关领域开放关联数据集调查研究

[目的/意义]关联数据的研究对于数据资源的描述、组织、发布、检索、利用等具有重要意义。医学相关领域拥有庞大的数据规模和发达的数据共享实践,对该领域开放关联数据集进行系统的调查研究,对关联数据集的共享、管理、应用而言有重要的参考价值。[方法/过程]从平台分布、主题、格式、链入链出关系、所用词表等维度就医学相关领域的85个开放关联数据集进行调查及统计分析;从药物知识发现、语义关联搜索、智慧医疗建设等方面研究关联数据集的实际应用问题。[结果/结论]归纳医学相关领域开放关联数据集在科学研究和实践应用中的特点,以及在推动语义网发展和支持智慧医疗等方面的欠缺之处,以期促进对语义网、关联数据网络等关联数据发展与应用相关问题的进一步思考、探索和解决。     

Study of flow rate induced measurement error in flow-through nano-hole plasmonic sensor

Flow-through gold film perforated with periodically arrayed sub-wavelength nano-holes can cause extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), which has recently emerged as a label-free surface plasmon resonance sensor in biochemical detection by measuring the transmission spectral shift. This paper describes a systematic study of the effect of microfluidic field on the spectrum of EOT associated with the porous gold film. To detect biochemical molecules, the sub-micron-thick film is free-standing in a microfluidic field and thus subject to hydrodynamic deformation. The film deformation alone may cause spectral shift as measurement error, which is coupled with the spectral shift as real signal associated with the molecules. However, this microfluid-induced measurement error has long been overlooked in the field and needs to be identified in order to improve the measurement accuracy. Therefore, we have conducted simulation and analytic analysis to investigate how the microfluidic flow rate affects the EOT spectrum and verified the effect through experiment with a sandwiched device combining Au/Cr/Si₃N₄ nano-hole film and polydimethylsiloxane microchannels. We found significant spectral blue shift associated with even small flow rates, for example, 12.60 nm for 4.2 μl/min. This measurement error corresponds to 90 times the optical resolution of the current state-of-the-art commercially available spectrometer or 8400 times the limit of detection. This really severe measurement error suggests that we should pay attention to the microfluidic parameter setting for EOT-based flow-through nano-hole sensors and adopt right scheme to improve the measurement accuracy.     

Needle-free injection of insulin powder: delivery efficiency and skin irritation assessment

Insulin is widely used in treating diabetes, but still needs to be administered by needle injection. This study investigated a new needle-free approach for insulin delivery. A portable powder needleless injection (PNI) device with an automatic mechanical unit was designed. Its efficiency in delivering insulin was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The skin irritation caused by the device was investigated and the results were analyzed in relation to aerodynamic parameters. Inorganic salt-carried insulin powders had hypoglycemic effects, while raw insulin powders were not effective when delivered by PNI, indicating that salt carriers play an important role in the delivery of insulin via PNI. The relative delivery efficiency of phosphate-carried insulin powder using the PNI device was 72.25%. A safety assessment test showed that three key factors (gas pressure, cylinder volume, and nozzle distance) were related to the amount of skin irritation caused by the PNI device. Optimized injection conditions caused minimal skin lesions and are safe to use in practice. The results suggest that PNI has promising prospects as a novel technology for delivering insulin and other biological drugs.     

School Characteristics,Child Work,and Other Daily Activities as Sleep Deficit Predictors in Adolescents from Households with Unsatisfied Basic Needs

Sleep in adolescents has been shown to be an important factor when looking at physical, mental, and social well‐being. Little evidence is found regarding sleep patterns in adolescents from households facing extreme poverty, where conditions such as crowding, poor housing, sanitation or education, and precarious employment set an adverse environment for sleep. In this study, we sought to assess in a nationwide sample comprised of 1,682 adolescents from Argentina, how the presence of extreme poverty—as defined by the presence of unsatisfied basic needs (UBN)—affects the relationship of sleep duration with school, work, and other daily activities. A global high prevalence of short sleeping time, a slight increase of sleep time in adolescents with UBN, and different patterns of wake activities that predict sleep deficit, depending on the presence of UBN, were found. The poor academic achievement, increased risk of accidents, and adverse health outcomes associated with sleep deprivation support the view that sleep is an additional unsatisfied basic need that worsens living conditions at this age. The results may help to design public health policies that contribute to ameliorate this adverse situation.     

CDIO工程教育理论与实践探析——以南昌工程学院为例

分析CDIO工程教育模式的人本主义哲学基础,结合现代教育理论,提出实施"卓越工程师"教育试点的基本途径。     

湖北省科技精准扶贫实践探索、现实困境与长效机制构建

科技扶贫作为我国精准扶贫的重要组成部分,在增强扶贫开发的造血机能和优化扶贫资源配置方面发挥着关键作用.然而,科技精准扶贫实践中造血功能弱、供需失衡、成果转化慢等问题一定程度上影响着科技助力精准扶贫的效果.对湖北省四大连片贫困区科技精准扶贫进行实地调研,考察湖北省科技精准扶贫实践成效,基于供体、受体、载体三个维度,分析湖北省科技精准扶贫的实践困境,从市场配置、利益共享、供需对接、激励约束、工作责任5个机制方面构建科技创新助力乡村振兴的长效机制.     

论对县政府规范性“红头文件”的监督

由于各方面原因,县政府规范性＂红头文件＂存在着诸如不按程序制定、内容不合法等问题;监督缺位和监督力度不够是形成这些问题的主要原因之一。应从完善外部监督和创新内部监督两个方面加强对县政府规范性＂红头文件＂的监督：一方面要充分发挥权力机关和司法机关的外部监督作用;另一方面要通过机制创新,引导备案机关和复议机关积极发挥内部监督的作用,切实督促县政府依法定章建制,推动县域治理的规范化、制度化和常态化。     

浅析POP3客户机程序设计

Internet在应用层提供多种网络服务,电子邮件是其中常用的服务类型之一。本文涉及的相关知识主要包括:电子邮件的工作原理、邮件地址与邮件格式、POP命令与POP响应信息,以及设计时的关键问题。     

鄱阳湖微生物资源多样性及药用开发研究进展及策略

研究发现,湖泊环境的微生物中蕴藏着丰富的生物和化学多样性,是创新药物先导化合物的重要源泉。鄱阳湖特殊的地理及气候特征,形成了一个独特的自然环境,生存于其中的微生物必然具备相对独特的分子生物学机制和生理生化特性,它们很可能具有一些不相同的代谢途径和次级代谢产物。因此有必要构建鄱阳湖环境微生物宏基因组文库,探讨微生物的多样性,并从鄱阳湖环境微生物中寻找高新活性先导化合物。