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121.
信息安全的经济学近来已经成为一门蓬勃发展的学科。由于分布式系统通常是由那些属于不同利益主体的计算机构成,我们发现在实现可靠性的过程中,激励机制变得和纯技术设计一样重要。这一学科领域不仅为那些传统的安全课题提供了洞见,而且还为更宽泛的领域中的研究难题拓展了思路,诸如:P2P系统设计,程序员和测试员的最优比例,隐私为何不断被侵蚀,以及数字版权管理等问题。本刊上期和本期推荐剑桥大学计算机实验室的Ross Anderson和Tyler Moore在2006年10月27日的《科学》杂志上刊发的《信息安全的经济学(The Economics of Information Security)》一文,介绍这一学科的研究和发展,以资借鉴。 相似文献
122.
Why women succeed,and fail,in the arts 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tyler Cowen 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1996,20(2):93-113
I examine and test hypotheses for the differential performance of men and women in the arts. I consider whether observed outcomes are best accounted for by differing innate and genetic endowments across the sexes, variations in training opportunities, maternal responsibilities, or discrimination in the marketplace. More generally, I also consider how social mechanisms can give rise to observed patterns of unequal achievement. 相似文献
123.
This paper discusses the responses of a group of thirty-three primary and two secondary teachers to a series of sessions in which the ecosystemic approach to changing chronic problem behaviour in schools was explained and then tried out in practice. Three case examples are presented, as well as related discussions, which illustrate the approach. This study follows on from the work reported in Pastoral Care , December 1998. 相似文献
124.
125.
This essay explores the growth of boxing among the African populations on the Witwatersrand region of South Africa between 1924 and 1959. It details how the sport's jump in popularity with Africans paralleled migration to Johannesburg. Africans increasingly saw boxing as an activity and skill conducive with survival in this new environment, and thus the sport grew in popularity, stature, and skill-level amongst this emergent urban population. The essay further explores the various ways that the sport was disseminated and popularized during the era, thus detailing how the sport reached both the African masses and petit-bourgeois educated elite. As their presence in Johannesburg became more and more permanent, boxing came to encompass various meanings and ideals, such as notions of discipline, independence and civility, to these urban populations. 相似文献
126.
Examination of over 600 on‐air promos carried within or adjacent to situation comedies showed that the promos’ salience impacted the ratings of the promoted program. After controlling for the ratings of the lead‐in to the promoted program, significant associations were found for the method of construction of the promo, the familiarity of the promoted program, the amount of clutter within breaks, the position of the promo within the break, and the rating of the program carrying the promotion. The results suggested a six‐part model for maximizing the effectiveness of on‐air promotion. 相似文献
127.
Susan Tyler Eastman Gregory D. Newton Paul D. Bolls 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(3):238-259
This study assessed the impact of content--as opposed to structural--factors on television program ratings, seeking to locate clusters of components that would identify effective on-air promotion and allocate content a better-defined place within theoretic models of media priming. Stepwise multiple regression analyses of 1,547 on-air promos for 155 prime-time programs demonstrated that 5-9% of ratings variance was accounted for by content appeals, humor, and presentation in promos for comedy programs. The influence of content variables was greater for familiar than unfamiliar comedies, and humor and presentation in promos contributed to variance in ratings for mid-rated but not high- or low-rated comedies. 相似文献
128.
Elvis Enrique Nunez Rose M. Pringle Kevin Tyler Showalter 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(15):2421-2453
A survey of the literature on evolution instruction provides evidence that teachers’ personal views and understandings can shape instructional approaches and content delivered in science classrooms regardless of established science standards. This study is the first to quantify evolutionary worldviews of in-service teachers in the Caribbean, specifically in Belize, an English-speaking nation with a high school system guided by a regional biology syllabus and strict standardized tests. Using the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) instrument and knowledge test, we investigated (1) the current level of acceptance and understanding of evolution as given by 97% of high school biology teachers in Belize; (2) the factors associated with acceptance and understanding of evolutionary theory. With an average MATE score of 64.4 and a mean knowledge score of 47.9%, Belizean teachers were classified as having both ‘Low Acceptance’ and ‘Low Understanding’ of evolutionary theory. A positive correlation was found between teacher acceptance and understanding of evolution. A review of the Caribbean Secondary Examination Certificate biology syllabus suggests that evolution plays a minimal role in the high school biology classroom. We believe that Belize presents a unique opening for future training on evolution instruction since 57% of the biology teachers self-proclaim to be unprepared to teach evolution. The results of this study have implications for policy, practice and research with teachers’ acceptance, understanding and confidence in teaching evolution serving as important predictors for instructional approaches used in the biology classroom. 相似文献
129.
Tyler G. Johnson 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(3):187-196
Mind-body dualism has likely influenced how many view human beings and their behavior—mind (i.e., thinking) is elevated over body (i.e., performing)—even in Physical Education Teacher Education. The problem is that such a perspective makes physical education content (i.e., dance, games, play, and sport) subsidiary to more “intellectual” or “academic” content. This article invites Physical Education Teacher Education faculty to consider how to effectively “send the message” to future physical educators that physical education content is valuable and respectable and in many ways epitomizes intelligent human behavior. Specifically, Physical Education Teacher Education faculty are invited to (a) challenge traditional definitions of intelligence and introduce alternative definitions, (b) participate regularly in their own playgrounds, (c) provide a sufficient dose of activity courses in their curricula, (d) teach activity courses, (e) establish a performance-oriented culture, and (f) administer performance and/or game play evaluations. 相似文献
130.
Tyler G. Johnson 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(4):485-497
It is widely accepted that doping in sports is, by definition, cheating. If we allow that cheating is advantage-seeking behavior utilized by one party in an agreement-defined activity that disallows that behavior, then taking drugs when others do not is cheating. The focus of this definition is on the intentions and purpose of the actor, which is primarily about advantage seeking. This article will argue that the effect of anabolic steroid addiction on the volition of the actor caeteris paribus invalidates the adequacy of cheating to describe this behavior. 相似文献