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941.
Anna-Marietha?Vogler Susanne?PredigerEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2017,20(5):497-513
Video is often used in professional development courses to sensitize mathematics teachers to students’ thinking and issues of classroom interaction. This article presents an approach that incorporates students’ perspectives on mathematics classroom interactions into video-based professional development in order to enhance teachers’ reflection on diverse awareness of students concerning demands within mathematics classroom interactions. This approach is theoretically justified by the empirical research on equal participation in classroom interaction and practically elaborated by video material from Grade 5 students. Empirical snapshots from design experiments with teachers demonstrate that teachers’ sensitivity can be enhanced. 相似文献
942.
943.
Three experiments demonstrated that, following the extinction of an established conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., tone), the
pairing of an orthogonal stimulus from another modality (e.g., light) with the unconditioned stimulus (US) results in strong
recovery of responding to the extinguished CS. This recovery occurred to about an equal degree regardless of whether or not
initial training contained unambiguous stimulus—reinforcer relationships—that is, consistent CS—US pairings—or some degree
of ambiguity, including intramodal discrimination training, partial reinforcement, or even cross-modal discrimination training
(tone vs. light). Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that this recovery of responding was largely specific to the extinguished
CS, but moderate generalization to other stimuli from the same modality did appear. The results are discussed with reference
to alternative mechanisms applicable to learning-dependent generalization between otherwise distinct CSs. These models assume
that such generalization is mediated by either a shared response, shared reinforcer, shared context, or shared hidden units
within a layered neural network. A specific layered network is proposed to explain the present results as well as other types
of savings seen previously in conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response. 相似文献
944.
Sibel?ErduranEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2018,13(4):1091-1099
Kim and Roth (this issue) purport to draw on the social-psychological theory of L. S. Vygotsky in order to investigate social relations in children’s argumentation in science topics. The authors argue that the argumentation framework offered by Stephen Toulmin is limited in addressing social relations. The authors thus criticize Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP) as an analytical tool and propose to investigate the genesis of evidence-related practices (especially burden of proof) in second- and third-grade children by studying dialogical interactions. In this paper, I illustrate how Toulmin’s framework can contribute to (a) the study of “social relations”, and (b) provide an example utilizing a theoretical framework on social relations, namely Engeström’s Activity Theory framework, and (c) describe how we have used the Activity Theory along with TAP in order to understand the development of argumentation in the practices of science educators. Overall, I will argue that TAP is not inherently incapable of addressing social relational aspects of argumentation in science education but rather that science education researchers can transform theoretical tools such as Toulmin’s framework intended for other purposes for use in science education research. 相似文献
945.
Kristin?M.?PerroneEmail author L.?Kay?Webb Rachel?H.?Blalock 《Journal of Career Development》2005,31(4):225-238
The impact of role congruence and role conflict on work, marital, and life satisfaction was studied using Super’s life-span, life-space theory. A conceptual model of relationships between these variables was proposed, and gender differences were examined. Participants were 35 male and 60 female college graduates who completed surveys by mail. Results indicated adequate fit for the proposed model. Results of gender analyses indicated that women in this study participated more in parenting and housework, whereas men participated more in career and leisure activities. Despite the differences in actual role participation, no gender differences were found regarding ideal role participation. Both men and women reported that the parent role was most rewarding. Implications for counselors and directions for future research were discussed. 相似文献
946.
Knowledge of the equilibrium bed-concentration is vital to mathematical modeling of the river-bed deformation associated with
suspended load but previous investigations only dealt with the reference concentration of uniform sediment because of difficulties
in observation of the bed-concentration. This work is a first attempt to develop a theoretical formula for the equilibrium
bed-concentration of any fraction of nonuniform sediment defined at the bed-surface. The formula is based on a stochastic-mechanistic
model for the exchange of nonuniform sediment near the bed, and described as a function of incipient motion probability, non-ceasing
probability, pickup probability, and the ratio of the average single-step continuous motion time to static time. Comparison
of bed-concentration calculated from the proposed formula with the measured data showed satisfactory agreement, indicating
the present formula can be used for solving the differential equation goverming the motion of suspended load.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 59779010 and 50079025) 相似文献
947.
Annie?BernierEmail author Simon?Larose Nathalie?Soucy 《Research in higher education》2005,46(1):29-51
This study examined the interaction between college students attachment orientation and mentors relational style in the prediction of students behaviors and perceptions in academic mentoring and of their subsequent academic achievement. Ninety college students were administered the Adult Attachment Interview and their professors-mentors completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire. Students displayed more adaptive behaviors and perceptions in mentoring and earned higher grades when their attachment orientation was in contrast to their mentors relational style. Implications for the practice of academic mentoring in college are discussed. 相似文献
948.
949.
Guido?NottbuschEmail author Angela?Grimm Rüdiger?Weingarten Udo?Will 《Reading and writing》2005,18(6):497-526
This study examined the time course of typing in prelingually and profoundly deaf as well as hearing individuals. Both groups
of participants performed a written picture naming task and a written pseudoword task. Keystroke timing measurements from
the written picture naming task revealed that the deaf as well as the hearing group were significantly delayed at syllable
boundaries compared to identical within-syllable letter combinations. As the deaf are impoverished with respect to phonology
based on spoken language experience, we postulate that syllabic segmentation is not crucially dependent on experience with
spoken language. Furthermore, delays at syllable boundaries were not affected by word frequency in both groups, in contrast
to the keys straddling a root morpheme boundary. Together with the finding that delays at syllable boundaries also occur in
pseudowords, the experiments provide strong evidence towards post-lexical syllabification processes. Our results support previous
findings which claim that (1) orthosyllables are autonomous and mode-specific entities, and (2) that the principles of syllabic
organisation apply post-lexically. 相似文献
950.
Colloids play an important role in our modern lives. In this article, we briefly discuss various forces that are known to operate between colloidal particles and then take the reader through the discovery of a new, strong and long ranged force operating between hydrophobic particles/surfaces. Characteristics of the new force and some promising theories proposed in the literature to explain its origin are also discussed; the origin of the new force is not yet resolved, however. 相似文献