Social Dominance in Adolescence: The Moderating Role of the Classroom Context and Behavioral Heterogeneity

This study investigates socially dominant adolescents: students who are actively involved in establishing peer norms, influence their classmates' opinions, and are often the center of attention. Data from 5,468 seventh graders ( M age = 13.3; 53% girls) in 266 classrooms were used to examine how social dominance relates to achievement, peer acceptance and rejection, self-perception, and deviance and to investigate contextual moderators of these associations. Multilevel analyses confirmed social dominance to be associated with both positive and negative adjustment. Moreover, the associations with achievement and disruptive behavior were moderated by the normativeness of these behaviors within the classroom. Finally, latent profile analyses revealed 4 distinct types of highly dominant students, 2 well adjusted and 2 poorly adjusted.     

Experiencing churches as spiritual and religious places: a study on children’s emotions in church buildings during scholastic field trips

Going on a field trip to the church, pupils can experience lived religion. But how do they feel during such a church visit? In this paper, we analyse statements of 516 German third graders (about 8 years old) made after they had visited their local church on a field trip. Using affective schema theory, we develop a conceptual model of emotions in churches that serves as theoretical framework for our quantitative content analysis. All in all, the vast majority of the participants report about positive feelings during their church visit. Moreover, it is one-third of the children who show spiritual or religious references in their statements. They talk about personal peace and comfort during the visit, or describe the church as a place to pray and experience the presence of God. Regression analysis identifies that it is the religiously educated children who express such references. Furthermore, children with high centrality of religiosity tend to choose traditional religious concepts, symbols and practices to express reference. These results are mostly in line with relevant theory from sociology of religion and primarily support the concept of subjective turn in religion.     

对高水平竞技体育训练的适应机制及其主要观点的思考

本文作者认为中国体能类项目落后的主要原因不在于“遗传、训练条件和训练的具体手段”等问题,而是缺乏科学训练的理念,在训练方向和指导思想方面没有跟上世界的发展。本文着重阐述了运动训练的生化基础,强调了训练必须遵循生物适应的原则,提出“最大的训练负荷并不能获得最佳的适应,适应的‘最佳’区域肯定位于运动员可承受负荷之下”     

Konfiguration komplexer Produkte mit Constraint-basierter Modellierung

Zusammenfassung.   Industrielle Konfigurationsprozesse sind, bedingt durch die vorherrschende Variantenvielfalt, sehr komplex. Aufgrund der inh?renten Potentiale ist die Realisierung von effizienten, flexiblen Konfigurationsprozessen ein zentrales Ziel vieler Unternehmen. Wir haben einen Ansatz für die Konfiguration und Rekonfiguration von Produkten entwickelt, der auf Constraint-basierter Modellierung über endlichen Dom?nen basiert. Das auf diesem Ansatz beruhende System ConBaCon deckt eine breite Palette von Konfigurationsproblemen ab und erm?glicht eine effiziente L?sung, die sowohl automatisch als auch gesteuert durch hoch flexible Nutzerinteraktion erfolgen kann. Wendet man das System jedoch auf gro?e Konfigurationsprozesse an, so treten Performanzprobleme auf. Als zwei wesentliche Modellerweiterungen, die diesem Mangel entgegenwirken, stellen wir in dieser Arbeit einerseits eine Modell-Clusterung und andererseits die Behandlung gro?er Netze arithmetischer Constraints vor. Eingegangen am 11. Februar 2002 / Angenommen am 18. Juli 2002     

Architektur Multimedialer Informationssysteme

Ohne Zusammenfassung

---

Architektur Multimedialer Informationssysteme

     

The Future of Higher Education and the Future of Higher Education Research

Higher education research isclosely linked to the debates on highereducation policy and practice. It provides theinformation basis for decisions about thefuture of higher education. As the themes of the public debate on problems and reform needs in higher education change quickly, higher education research has to anticipate future problems andthemes of debates in order to develop conceptsand to generate knowledge well in advance.Future-conscious higher education researchmight aim to identify likely future changes inthematic areas which are already in thelimelight of public attention, as trends in theareas of expansion of higher education,diversification of structures of the highereducation system, system steering andinstitutional management as well asinternationalisation and globalisation suggest.Moreover, future-conscious higher educationresearch should try to identify thematic areasnot frequently discussed at present but likelyto be major issues in the future. For example,professionalisation of higher education interms of the emergence and expansion of newadministrative and service professions inhigher education institutions might havefar-reaching implications in the future and isworth to be paid attention by higher educationresearchers.     

Outcomes of Home-Support Consultation on the Maintenance of Bicycle-Riding Skills for Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Bicycle riding is a functional motor skill that increases physical activity opportunities, social interaction, and independence. However, bicycle riding is difficult for youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to learn. This study examined the effectiveness of home-support consultation (HSC) on increasing the maintenance of independent bicycle riding following initial skill acquisition. Fifty-one youth with a confirmed ASD diagnosis learned to ride a two-wheeled bicycle during a training camp. Twenty-nine riders enrolled in a HSC intervention to promote distributed practice of the learned skill. The control cohort (N = 22) was exempt from the HSC intervention. One year following initial skill acquisition, 62.07% of the HSC cohort compared to 36.36% of the control cohort still reportedly displayed the skill. Within the HSC cohort, riders who reported at least 8 weeks of practice following acquisition on average maintained the skill. Implications of home consultation are discussed.     

The effect of experimental manipulation of student motivation on the situational representation of text

The present study investigated the effects of motivational instructions on interest, test anxiety, and text learning. Instructions to facilitate intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were compared with a “neutral” instruction. The sample consisted of 375 ninth-graders. Text-related interest and test anxiety were assessed before and after the experimental instruction as well as after the text has been read. An inference verification test was administered to assess students' situational text representation. The results showed the expected effects of type of instruction on interest and test anxiety when measured directly after the treatment. With respect to the situational text representation, no significant main effects were obtained. Instead, the experimental instructions interacted significantly with gender and pretest interest. The hypothesized effects of type of instruction on the situational text representation were only observed for girls and for students with high pretest interest.     

A research model for the study of science teachers’ PCK and improving teacher education

In this article, a new research model for the study of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is presented which aims to improve teacher education. This model called “educational reconstruction for teacher education” (ERTE) represents the framework for an integrative approach to the study of science teachers’ topic specific PCK, which is a largely unexplored field. By integrating the PCK concept, originating in the American Curriculum tradition, into the German (Fach)didaktik tradition, this model adds a new perspective to (Fach)didaktik. This paper, therefore, also aims to clarify the PCK concept and its relation to Fachdidaktik.