Is a Picture Worth a Thousand Words? The Effect of Race-Related Visual and Verbal Exemplars on Attitudes and Support for Social Policies

The present study experimentally assesses the relative influence of visual and verbal exemplars on news readers’ judgments regarding use of emergency room health care services by undocumented immigrants and uninsured U.S. citizens. Assumptions from exemplification theory and theories of information processing guided the investigation. A series of two studies found that pictures and personal stories have comparable effects on perceptions of and attitudes about the issue. Furthermore, conflicting personal stories and pictures embedded in the same news item nullify each other's effect.     

Proactive Outreach to Adult Students: A Department and Library Collaborative Effort

The number of adult learners in institutions of higher education is increasing, and these students' reasons for attending, ways of learning, challenges, and methods for overcoming challenges often differ from those of traditional-age students. Faculty and library personnel can support these students in their research efforts using several collaborative endeavors. One department and university library recognized the struggles of many of their adult students as they sought to conduct research for coursework, as well as theses or dissertations. Collaborative activities proved effective in reducing students’ anxieties and frustrations with using the library and its resources.     

Where Theory and Law Meet: Trends in establishment clause jurisprudence in the US federal courts and implications for science education

In this study, federal court opinions and writings of legal scholars, spanning 63 years of establishment clause jurisprudence in the US federal courts were analysed in an effort to determine dominant trends in judicial philosophy that are of significance to science educators. The study's findings suggest that the dominant legal theory underpinning the adjudication of establishment clause cases on the US Supreme Court has undergone a shift from one that emphasizes separation of church and state to one that favours integration of religion in the public sphere. This development poses significant challenges to science educators who are charged with the task of teaching in accordance with state science standards that emphasize topics that are considered controversial (e.g. evolution and global climate change) by many in the faith-based community. These findings constitute a basis for forecasting future actions in US courts regarding the role of government in establishing religious practices in the public sphere—particularly where such actions intersect with the roles of teachers in the nation's public K-12 science classrooms. Finally, we argue that scientists and science educators must adopt an assertive stance in defining science in curricular frameworks, providing something for the courts to draw upon in future decisions.     

A Helping Relationship Experience in Teacher Education,

The helping relationship experience was explored as a means of insuring greater rapport with children. A sample of 82 junior and senior education students participated for a minimum of two hours/week for approximately eight weeks. Of this group, some were involved with white children; another group with Negro children and a third group served as control. Groups were pre- and post-tested on selected personality variables felt to be necessary for the establishment of good rapport. A complex analysis of variance design was used in analyzing the data. Females and “liberals” scored significantly higher on the MTAI than males or “traditionalists.” Failure to find other evidence of a significant effect on the experimental groups was attributed to insufficient duration and/or intensity of the treatment.     

American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century

Modern Literature for Oral Interpretation: a practice book for Vocal Expression. 418 pp. Gertrude; E. Johnson. The Century Co., 1920.

Public Speaking. By Clarence Stratton, Ph.D. New York, 1920. Henry Holt and Company. Pp. 342. $1.48.

A Manual of Debate and Oral Discussion. By James Milton O'Neill. Published by the Century Company. 303 pages.

Sources of Effectiveness in Public Speaking. Psychological Principles Practically Used in Developing Ability to Speak. By C. Edmund Neil, Professor of Public Speaking in Boston University and Newton Theological Institution. Hinds, Hayden &; Eldredge, Inc., 1920; 590 pages.

University Debaters’ Annual. Phelps, 1919–1920. The H. W. Wilson Co., New York.     

THE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPATIBILITY OF YOUNG WOMEN IN SERVICE TO AGED WOMEN

Reciprocity between young women and aged women is a powerful inducement in encouraging young women to consider work with elderly adults. Research shows that strict skills training and productivity models of care can drain the emotional resources of young women and devalue the personal virtues of the aged who are served. A sample survey supports the idea that young women need positive experiences with aged women to consider working with them. Using developmental models of Erikson, Erikson and Kivnick (1986), Gilligan (1982), Kegan (1982) and others, a concept of intimacy (McAdams, 1986) in the service environment can instill hope and integrity in young and aged women. Intimate encounters with aged women, promoted by training in developmental awareness and communications, can be the motivation a young woman needs to consider or continue service work with an expanding aged population.     

Creativity workshops in the regular classroom

Facebook is a frequently accessed social networking site with more than one billion active users worldwide. Although there are numerous studies on its impact on teenagers, none have investigated its impact on gifted and talented girls. This study’s aim was to understand the social media experiences of talented female student leaders. A qualitative approach, underpinned by the principles of phenomenology, was used. Individual semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with five participants. A modified method for phenomenological analysis was then used to distill the key essence of their experiences. This New Zealand study describes the complex challenges the participants face as users of Facebook and also argues for the value of the phenomenological method as a powerful research tool in such a study.