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11.
In recent years, HIV-positive athletes hove increasingly made the headlines. leading to questions and concerns regarding HIV transmission through sport. Based on limited understanding and irrational fear. athletes have been excluded from sport competitions or encouraged to retire prematurely. In other cases. they have been subjected to random, mandatory HIV testing prior to sport competition. Because HIV/AIDS is a medical and social problem, information from health-related sources is included in this analysis, including the modes of HIV transmission. This analysis focuses on further issues related to rights, obligations, risks, privacy, and policy. The growing dilemma for the sport professionals to weigh an athlete's right to privacy against their own duty to warn in the decision-making process is examined, with a discussion on mandatory HIV testing for athletes. Guidelines based on principles of medical ethics are offered to aid sport practitioners in providing all athletes with the best possible service. 相似文献
12.
Indranil Chakraborty Sanjoy Kunti Mousumi Bandyopadhyay Anindya Dasgupta Gopal Deb Chattopadhyay Sandip Chakraborty 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(2):109-113
An imbalance in the systemic redox status leading to oxidative stress has been an important factor in development of senile
cataracts, which is reflected by an increase in serum TBARS and a decrease in plasma SOD activity. Zinc has been an important
cofactor required for structural stability of SOD. In the present study the role of serum zinc level and plasma SOD activity
was analyzed in senile cataract patients showing significant oxidative stress. Serum TBARS, plasma SOD and serum zinc level
was measured in thirty randomly selected senile cataract patients against properly matched controls. Although, the analysis
of means showed a significant increase in serum TBARS and decrease in plasma SOD and serum zinc level in cases, but plasma
SOD was found to be just significantly correlated (p=0.05) with the serum zinc only in the cases. The results of partial correlation
studies and multiple regression analysis, also, showed only a significant correlation and predictable dependence between serum
TBARS and plasma SOD, excluding any role of serum zinc level. The present study concludes that it is chiefly the plasma SOD
activity, but not the serum zinc level, that determines the proneness of the patients for development of senile cataract. 相似文献
13.
N. Krishnamurthy K. Arumugasamy U. Anand C. V. Anand V. Aruna G. Venu R. Gayathri 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(1):43-46
Plasma cystatin C is an emerging parameter to assess kidney function. Its utility in assessing the adequacy of hemodialysis
in patients with end-stage-renal disease has however not been established with certainty. This study was therefore carried
out to assess the usefulness of serum cystatin C estimation in patients undergoing low flux membrane hemodialysis. Serum creatinine
and cystatin C were estimated in 20 patients before and after undergoing hemodialysis. The mean serum creatinine decreased
from a pre-dialysis value of 7.72 mg/dL to a post-dialysis value of 2.90 mg/dL. On the contrary, the mean serum cystatin C
levels were found to increase from a pre-dialysis value of 5.97 mg/L to a post-dialysis value of 8.25 mg/L. Therefore, serum
cystatin C cannot be used to monitor dialysis adequacy. It however, serves as a surrogate marker of the inadequacy of low
flux membrane bicarbonate hemodialysis in clearing low molecular weight proteins from the circulation. 相似文献
14.
A. Madhusudhana Rao R. Apoorva Usha Anand C. V. Anand G. Venu 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(3):253-258
End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis (HD) have an increased oxidative stress, with a high risk of atherosclerosis and other co-morbid conditions. Recent studies have suggested that myeloperoxidase (MPO)—mediated oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in dialysis patients. Furthermore, dialysis treatment ‘per se’ can aggravate oxidative stress. Hence this study was designed to determine whether HD leads to an alteration in the plasma levels of MPO and malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD. To study the effect of HD, plasma MPO and MDA were determined before and after HD in forty ESRD patients (24 men and 16 women, age between 8 and 71 years, median being 40.5 years) on maintenance HD. Plasma MPO and MDA were assayed by spectrophotometric methods. Haematological and other biochemical parameters were obtained from patients’ case records. Plasma MPO and MDA levels were significantly higher after HD when compared with pre-dialysis levels (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between MPO and MDA (r = 0.184, p = 0.10) and other biochemical parameters (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between MPO and MDA with haemodialysis vintage (p < 0.05). In univariate regression analysis duration of HD (β = 1.470, p = 0.045, β = 0.388, p = 0.013), was independently associated with MPO and MDA. Although HD is indispensable for survival of patients with ESRD, it is fraught with undesirable side-effects, such as an increase in the plasma MPO and MDA levels. The elevated levels of MPO contribute to the increased oxidative stress as free radicals are produced by the reaction catalyzed by it. 相似文献
15.
Krishnamurthy N Arumugasamy K Anand U Anand CV Aruna V Venu G 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(2):120-124
Cystatin C is an emerging parameter for the assessment of renal allograft function. The objective of the study was to compare
the efficacy of serum cystatin C (SCys) with the established parameter serum creatinine (SCr) in the assessment of renal function
in renal transplant recipients (RTR). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 renal transplant patients and 29 control
subjects was determined using 99mTc Diethylene-triamine-penta-acetate (DTPA) method. SCr was measured using an automated Jaffe’s assay and SCys was measured
using latex particle enhanced turbidimetric immuno assay (PETIA). The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula
was used to calculate GFR from SCr, while the Le Bricon formula was used to derive GFR based on SCys. Statistical analysis
was performed using MedCalc software. SCr and SCys levels were significantly higher, while DTPA clearance was significantly
lower in RTR (P < 0.0001) when compared with controls. The correlation coefficient (r value) between calculated GFR based on MDRD method and DTPA clearance was 0.343 (P = 0.06) while the calculated GFR based on Le Bricon formula was 0.694 (P < 0.001). The results have shown that SCys is a better parameter than SCr in assessing renal function in RTR. The inclusion
of SCys as an additional parameter would certainly help in detection of even a marginal decline in renal function and also
in adjusting the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs. 相似文献
16.
Ragini Srivastava Antara Kashyap Mohan Kumar Gopal Nath Ashok Kumar Jain 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(1):19-23
Helicobacter pylori infection stimulates strong local inflammatory and specific IgA antibody production. The influence of antibodies on the bacterial colonization is not clear. Here, we have analysed the association between the mucosal IgA level and IL-1β in various manifestations of the infection seen endoscopically. Antral biopsies of 57 dyspeptic patients were taken for culture, histology and estimation of mucosal levels of anti-H. pylori IgA and IL-1β. Mean mucosal IgA level was higher in patients with normal mucosa compared to all other groups and lower IgA level was associated with higher bacterial density. IL-1β was higher in ulcer patients and suspicious malignancy group as compared to normal group and higher level of IL-1β was associated with higher grades of metaplasia. Present study indicates that local immunity seems to have a protective role against H. pylori infection and higher level of IL-1β induced by the pathogen may be associated with metaplasia and carcinogenesis. 相似文献
17.
18.
Gopal K. Sahu Seema Upadhyay Shradha M. Panna 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(4):485-490
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been proposed as a sensitive non-invasive biomarker for stress-induced changes in the body that reflect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Though several experiments have been conducted to determine the validity of this salivary component as a reliable stress marker in human subjects, the effect of stress induced changes on sAA level in different age groups is least studied. This article reports the activity of sAA in human subjects of different age groups subjected to psychological stress induced through stressful video clip. Differences in sAA level based on sex of different age groups under stress have also been studied. A total of 112 subjects consisting of both the male and female subjects, divided into two groups on basis of age were viewed a video clip of corneal transplant surgery as stressor. Activity of sAA from saliva samples of the stressed subjects were measured and compared with the activity of the samples collected from the subjects before viewing the clip. The age ranges of subjects were 18–25 and 40–60 years. The sAA level increased significantly in both the groups after viewing the stressful video. The increase was more pronounced in the younger subjects. The level of sAA was comparatively more in males than females in the respective groups. No significant change in sAA activity was observed after viewing the soothed video clip. Significant increase of sAA level in response to psychological stress suggests that it might act as a reliable sympathetic activity biochemical marker in different stages of human beings. 相似文献
19.
Divya Mahajan Anju Jain Varsha Singh A. K. Jain G. R. K. Rao Gopal Nath 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):243-245
Helicobacter pylori remains a controversial organism with regards to humans, its epidemiology still unclear nearly two decades
after discovery. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of the organism in the gastrointestinal tract
in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects to understand its precise natural history in India. A total of 154 specimens were
a part of the study. These included gastric biopsies from peptic ulcer disease and Non ulcer dyspepsia subjects, as visualized
on endoscopy, saliva and stool samples from apparently normal healthy adults. Nested polymerase chain reaction was performed
using the primers Hp1, Hp2, Hp3 targeting 16S rRNA gene. A prevalence of 65.1%, 100%, 66.7%, and 73.3% respectively was observed
by polymerase chain reaction. No association was observed between the H.pylori status and the disease condition of the patient. 相似文献