Differentiation in the Making: Consequences of School Segregation of Roma in the Czech Republic,Hungary, and Slovakia

This article examines how various forms of ethnic segregation in education affect everyday life and future aspirations of Roma youth in three Central and Eastern European countries: the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia. It draws on a comparative European investigation about the diverging experiences and paths of ethnic minority youth in Europe (EDUMIGROM¹¹EDUMIGROM “Ethnic differences in education and diverging paths for ethnic minority youth in an enlarged Europe” was an FP7-funded research led by Prof. Júlia Szalai and Viola Zentai at the Center for Policy Studies (CPS), Central European University (CEU), between 2008 and 2011. The author was a member of the coordinating team at CPS, CEU. www.edumigrom.eu.). The article investigates how segregation actually comes about in Central and Eastern Europe and looks at ways in which various forms of separation shape the everyday experiences and future aspirations of youth through the lenses of 14–15-year-old Roma students and their teachers. It reveals that studying in segregated Roma schools limits young Romas’ chances for further education and deprives them of interethnic social networks. Meanwhile, studying in segregated classes of ethnically mixed schools has a devastating effect on the development of young people’s identity, self-esteem, and interethnic relationships.     

Integrative assessment of Evolutionary theory acceptance and knowledge levels of Biology undergraduate students from a Brazilian university

The integrative role that Evolutionary theory plays within Biology is recognised by most scientific authors, as well as in governmental education policies, including Brazilian policies. However, teaching and learning evolution seems problematic in many countries, and Brazil is among those. Many factors may affect teachers’ and students’ perceptions towards evolution, and studies can help to reveal those factors. We used a conceptual questionnaire, the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) instrument, and a Knowledge test to assess (1) the level of acceptance and understanding of 23 undergraduate Biology students nearing the end of their course, (2) other factors that could affect these levels, including course structure, and (3) the most difficult topics regarding evolutionary biology. The results of this study showed that the students, on average, had a ‘Very High Acceptance’ (89.91) and a ‘Very Low Knowledge’ (59.42%) of Evolutionary theory, and also indicated a moderate positive correlation between the two (r?=?0.66, p?=?.001). The most difficult topics were related to the definition of evolution and dating techniques. We believe that the present study provides evidence for policymakers to reformulate current school and university curricula in order to improve the teachers’ acceptance and understanding of evolution and other biological concepts, consequently, helping students reduce their misconceptions related to evolutionary biology.     

Corporate support of higher education: Trends in Canada and the United States

United States and Canadian trends in corporate philanthropy and support of higher education are presented for the past 11 to 15 years. Comparative analyses reveal different corporate priorities and giving agendas which signal the need for unique approaches to university and college fund raising in each country. Though the percentage of U.S. corporate contributions allocated to higher education has not changed in 11 years, Canada's institutions of higher education appear to be competing directly with beneficiaries in culture and the arts, in terms of annual corporate giving priorities. Regarding allocations for various purposes within higher education, U.S. firms tend to have sponsorship agendas that follow established priorities and are programmatic in nature, unlike Canadian companies whose support for these purposes has varied considerably. This gives university and college fund raisers in Canada an opportunity to establish and nurture long-term programs of corporate support for capital projects, research, and student financial aid.     

A primer of research on cognitive strategy instruction: The important issues and how to address them

Five types of strategy research are reviewed. (1) We argue it makes sense first to determine whether there is a need for strategy instruction. If there is, (2) development of a treatment with preliminary evaluations can follow, as can (3) formal evaluation of the resultant intervention in true experiments. As instructional need research, strategy development, and experimental evaluation proceed, two other types of research should be conducted. (4) It is important to study the acceptability of strategy interventions to educators and students. (5) Research on material modifications can provide information about how strategy benefits can be made available to students when strategy instruction is not effective or unlikely to occur. Very little strategy instruction has been evaluated in all five types of research covered here, making obvious the need for more systematic research on strategies. Observational, ethnographic, and experimental methods are required in order to address the many issues comprising comprehensive empirical analysis of any type of strategy instruction, with many recommendations made here about how to conduct informative studies.     

Academic spaces, computer technologies, and difference: toward a multidisciplinary approach to academic participation of nonnative English speaking students

The growing trend of the internationalization of universities has provoked an interest in the academic participation of students coming from non-English speaking universities. Fashioned by theory and research as a group with “problems”, nonnative English speakers are depicted as in constant need for help, and unsatisfied with Western academic practices. Consequently, the researchers interested in the potentials of computer technologies have turned toward the ways computer technologies might facilitate students’ participation. By taking for granted the nonnative English speaking students’ dissatisfaction with traditional academic practices because of students’ cultural/linguistic differences, this approach fails to explore how the differences between the nonnative English speakers and other students have been established and maintained in traditional classrooms in the first place. This paper argues that we need a better understanding of the complex nature of relations between students and academic spaces that would challenge the approach that offers computer technologies as a “solution” to the problems of classroom participation by nonnative English speakers and develop a new framework to consider all aspects involved in the process. Empirical component of the paper offers several possible approaches in the analysis of nonnative English speaking students’ academic participation.     

Teaching Objectives in Chemistry: a Comparison of Teachers’ and Students’ Priorities

Summaries

English

An inventory which consisted of 12 objectives of chemistry teaching was constructed from lists compiled from the responses of 12th‐grade students and given to 10th, 11th and 12th graders and to their teachers. All four groups were asked to rank the objectives according to their order of significance.

The analysis of the order of rankings gives an insight into what are considered as the most important and interesting aspects of chemistry by students and by teachers.

The use of an objectives questionnaire in this manner is recommended to curriculum developers as part of the process of development and implementation of any curriculum. This may help to make the subject matter more suitable for the needs of both students and teachers.     

Relative Strenuousness of Selected Sports as Performed by Women

Abstract

Women participants in archery, badminton, basketball, bowling, golf, hockey, Softball, tennis, and volleyball were tested to determine the relative strenuousness of these sports. The subjects' heart beats were telemetered during participation in each sport, and estimates of their ventilation and oxygen uptake for each activity were determined from data collected in the laboratory.

Mean heart rates, oxygen uptake and VO₂ per kilogram of body weight were calculated for each subject in each sport. Comparisons were made to determine which activities demanded the greatest energy expenditure.

Heart rates ranging from a mean of 85 beats/min. in bowling to a mean of 185 beats/min. for the roving player in basketball were recorded. The energy expenditure of the roving player in basketball was similar to that of the center halfback in hockey; these two positions required a significantly greater O₂ uptake than the positions tested in all other sports. Play in these positions was classified as heavy activity.

The non-roving positions of forward and guard in basketball, badminton, tennis, Softball (pitcher), and volleyball were rated as moderate activity. Golf, archery, and bowling were categorized as light activity in terms of energy expenditure.