Attentional Patterns Involved in Coping Strategies in a Sport Context

We investigated the relationship between coping strategies and attentional bias after a sport competition. We administered the Ways of Coping Checklist (Paulhan, Nuissier, Quintard, Cousson, & Bourgeois, 1994) to 145 athletes immediately after they had participated in a sport competition. We also assessed attentional bias using a dot probe detection task. Results revealed that emotion-focused coping strategies led athletes to orient their attention away from threat, whereas athletes who adopted problem-focused coping strategies focused their attention toward threat. More precisely, problem-focused coping strategies are related to a facilitated detection of threat, not to disengagement difficulties. The vigilance attentional bias seems to be a compensatory strategy to cope with a stressful situation, such as sport competition.     

Quantifying the nature of anticipation in professional tennis

Abstract

We quantify the nature and frequency of anticipation behaviours in professional tennis using video coding of incidents where the time delay between the opponent's stroke and the reaction of the player were recorded. We argue that anticipation is based on uncertain information and should lead in some situations to erroneous decisions. We identified the transition between reaction (with 100% accuracy in the selection of where the ball is played on the court) and anticipation (with less than 100% accuracy) as being 140–160 ms after ball contact. Anticipation behaviours occurred on between 6.14% and 13.42% of the coded situations. These anticipation behaviours appeared almost exclusively in ‘unfavourable’ situations, where the opponent had a significant tactical advantage, with the type of playing surface having only a limited effect. Moreover, the decrease in accuracy with shorter response times is not monotonic, with an increase in response accuracy being observed for times shorter than 120 ms before ball contact. We propose that very early anticipation behaviours occur when players use significant context-specific information before the opponent's stroke. When such information is not available, players produce anticipation behaviours that are closer to the moment of ball–racket contact using information that is more likely to be based on the opponent's preparation of the stroke. This study opens new directions for research focusing on the testing and training of anticipation in fast ball sports.     

高职院校孤儿学生管理的困境及对策

作为一所民政部主管的高职院校,从2009年开始学院迎来了一批来自全国的孤儿,通过成人高考接受高职教育,学校称这个班级为“励志班”。本文从学生管理工作这一角度．认识励志班在管理过程中融入、个别化管理、发展需要方面存在困境,并提出应对策略,为今后高职院校孤儿教育工作提供参考意见。     

野外生存生活训练对大学生内部动机影响的多维度测评研究

本研究在查阅大量参考文献的基础上,以上海交通大学和上海财经大学的部分学生为研究对象,采用问卷调查、比较分析和数理统计等方法,研究参加野外生存生活训练对学生内部动机的影响。研究结果表明,野外生存对激发大学生体育学习的内部动机具有显著增强的作用,主要体现在内部动机的主观能力和主观选择维度。     

女大学生体质现状及体育行为研究——以长三角地区为例

采用调查、访谈及统计学等方法,对长三角地区女大学生的体质现状及体育行为机制进行调研.结果显示：女大学生的体质状况令人堪忧,她们的体育需要和动机具有多样性、多向性、多层次性特征,行为目标的偏倚,消费意识的淡漠,行为结构的不良,行为内容的受限等特征,导致大多数女大学生不符合体育人口的标准.建议：科学引导体育认知,培养良性体育需要,激发健康锻炼动机,规划科学体育行为,充实行为空间环境.     

房价上涨的结构性差异研究——基于土地供给的视角

利用中国2000-2009年282个地级及以上城市的面板数据,采用双重差分法和PSM-DID识别策略,从土地供给的角度研究区域房价上涨的结构性差异特征的成因。自2003年起,国家土地供给政策开始向中西部地区倾斜,减少了东部地区但增加了中西部地区的土地供给,这使得东部地区用地更为紧张,从而导致东部地区房价相对上涨较快。实证分析发现,控制住经济发展水平、人口规模、金融便利性和城镇化等因素的影响之后,偏向中西部的土地供给导致东部地区城市房价至少上涨了6.51%,表明区域土地供给差异导致房价上涨的结构性差异。     

高校辅导员职业守则内化的保障机制

高校辅导员职业守则是高校辅导员贯彻落实职业道德规范要求具体化、规范化的职业行为准则,是高校辅导员在开展职业活动时应该始终遵循的行为标准。完善高校辅导员职业守则内化的保障机制,可以通过去行政化管理、物质利益保障、专业成长支持等手段促进辅导员主体性的激发,通过强化职业守则认知、构建管理体系、规范监督检查等手段加强辅导员职业守则内化的外在保障,通过突出自我教育、增强职业认同、完善激励制度等手段加强辅导员职业守则内化的内在保障。     

English language learners and kindergarten entry age: Achievement and social-emotional effects

In evaluating the role of kindergarten entry age, previous researchers have not examined the entry-age effects for English language learners (ELL). Additionally, little work has assessed the role of entry age on both achievement and social-emotional outcomes. This study is the first to do both simultaneously. The authors used data from a longitudinal study that followed a national sample of U.S. students from kindergarten through Grade 5. Relying on variation in children's birth dates and in states' kindergarten entrance age cutoffs, the authors estimated how differences in the age at which children enroll in kindergarten are related to their achievement and social-emotional outcomes. Our results show that enrolling in kindergarten as an older entrant is associated with significantly higher achievement and social-behavioral outcomes during the early elementary school years for ELL students, but that these effects largely disappear by the end of elementary school. Policy implications are addressed.     

女性难以走出的迷幻花园--论苏童的小说《红粉》

苏童的《红粉》从一个与众不同的角度揭示了妓女在改造过程中鲜为人知的辛酸与苦涩。出身下层又不愿自力更生的女性在社会中总是被迫以“性——金钱”的方式生存着,妓女的改造不仅意味着她们自身的改造也包括普通人的道德观念的改造。社会要求她们改造,但社会又不接受她们,她们依然在社会的边缘游走。     

汪精卫叛国投敌原因综述

对史学界关于汪精卫叛国投敌的决定性因素的七种争议进行综述 ,并提出几点思考