关于女大学生对健美操认识与参与动机的调查

本文就非体育专业女大学生对健美操运动的认知,参与动机及对健美操课的期望进行调查分析。结果表明：女大学生对健美操运动的认知是明确的,参与动机是多层次的。     

Fuzzy集合上的Fuzzy测度

基于经典集合上的Ｆｕｚｚｙ测度的∨－∧闭包性质和Ｆｕｚｚｙ区域上的Ｆｕｚｚｙ泛积分理论，探讨Ｆｕｚｚｙ集合上的Ｆｕｚｚｙ测度问题，给出并证明了Ｆｕｚｚｙ集合上的一类Ｆｕｚｚｙ测度及其若干性质。所得到的结论是文献［１￣８］中有关结果的改进、概括和推广。     

基于上升敲出期权的基础设施项目政府担保价值研究

基于基础设施项目政府担保的期权特性辨析,指出带有担保上限的基础设施项目政府担保是一种上升敲出看跌期权,在B-S期权定价模型的基础上,结合特定约束条件提出了政府担保价值的定价模型及其计算公式。     

Energy-rich Plant Research in China: Overview and Prospect

The energy crisis is an enormous challenge to the human race.Consequently, the technology development and utilization of biomass energy have become a new "hot spot"in the international arena.This article gives an overview on the current status of the research on energy plants and puts forward several suggestions on how to reasonably develop them in China.     

定量分析变通政策

对证券市场监管的必要性在现实中是肯定的,但在理论上,却需要不断系统和深入。本文运用经济学的基础知识,以定量的方法分析证券监管的三个核心内容,并结合国情,提出可行的、变通的监管策略。     

论科学知识形成中个体与社会因素的相互融合

科学知识的形成过程是个体与社会因素相互渗透与整合的过程,也是追求一种合理确定性的过程。认为由于个体语言的差异、先验知识的无法证明、评判标准不统一以及社会诸多因素的制约,个体经验知识在向共性经验知识转化及得到科学共同体认同过程中,增加了知识的不确定性和科学认识的相对性。     

Lower limb muscle activity during table tennis strokes

This study aimed to compare the muscle activity of lower limbs across typical table tennis strokes. Fourteen high-level players participated in this study in which five typical strokes (backhand top, forehand top, forehand spin, forehand smash, flick) were analysed. Surface electromyography activity (EMG) of eight muscles was recorded (gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus) and normalised to the maximal activity measured during squat jump or isometric maximal voluntary contractions. The forehand spin, the forehand top and the forehand smash exhibited significant higher EMG amplitude when compared with other strokes. Both biceps femoris and gluteus maximus were strongly activated during the smash, forehand spin and forehand top (from 62.8 to 91.7% of maximal EMG activity). Both vastii and rectus femoris were moderately to strongly activated during the forehand spin (from 50.4 to 62.2% of maximal EMG activity) whereas gastrocnemii and soleus exhibited the highest level of activity during the smash (from 67.1 to 92.1% of maximal EMG activity). Our study demonstrates that offensive strokes, such as smash or forehand top, exhibit higher levels of activity than other strokes.     

Sexual violence,schooling and silence: teacher narratives from a secondary school in Ethiopia

Sexual violence is recognised as a public health and human rights problem worldwide. Although schools are expected to be safe places for young people and are envisaged as institutions that challenge social injustices, they are increasingly identified as sites where disproportionately high levels of sexual violence occurs. This study seeks to understand how sexual violence in schooling contexts is conceptualised and interrogated by teachers with a focus on lived experiences, the consequences and the underlying causes. The study is based on qualitative research conducted at a secondary school in Ethiopia. The findings point to overwhelming evidence that sexual violence pervades in secondary schools, with a wide range of adverse consequences on girls’ wellbeing and educational attainment. The study demonstrates how nature, culture and society are included in conceptual thinking about the causes of sexual violence and explores teachers’ agency in addressing the phenomenon.     

生物信息流操纵:作物病虫害导向性防控的新科学

作物病虫害是威胁全世界农业生产的重大自然灾害。目前,病虫害防治的核心思想仍然是简单杀灭,主要依靠以病虫微生物的基础代谢、生理生化系统和神经受体为靶标的化学农药,过程中易导致人畜中毒、农产品污染和生态环境破坏等一系列严重的问题。下一代病虫害防治学术思想的重大突破将是对作物—昆虫—病原微生物生物间信息流及行为进行操纵。在基础研究方面,"生物间信息的识别、解码与操纵"也是现代生命科学的前沿与热点学科——生物间相互作用的分子机理一旦被阐明,往往带动通用生物技术的发展突破。例如RNA干扰(RNAi)现象、植物转化技术和TALEN基因组编辑技术等科学发现和技术进步,已经为整个生命科学领域作出了重大贡献。中科院"作物病虫害的导向性防控——生物间信息流与行为操纵"战略性先导科技专项(B类)集合了各学科的优势力量,系统地分析在作物重大病虫害发生过程中种间信息识别、解码、传递和控制的过程,从中解析关键可操纵节点,发展新一代病虫害田间行为操纵的新策略与新技术。该专项目前已经取得了系列重大研究成果,为竞争国际科学前沿地位、保障我国粮食生产安全作出了基础性、前瞻性的贡献。     

The relationship between salivary adrenocortical hormones changes and personality in elite female athletes during handball and volleyball competition.

Salivary cortisol, androstenedione delta 4, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in 20 elite sportswomen were measured using radioimmunoassay in samples taken 5 min before and after a handball or volleyball competition. Three psychometric tests--State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Bortner, and Questionnaire de Personnalité pour Sportifs (questionnaire of personality for sports participants)--were used to evaluate the participants' personalities. Results indicated higher concentrations of cortisol and lower concentrations of delta 4 and DHEA in handball players before and after the competition. Cortisol values increased significantly during the competition in both groups. No changes were observed in androgen levels. The state of anxiety was higher in handball players, characterized by Pattern A behavior, whereas Pattern B behavior defined the volleyball players. The results suggest that adrenocortical changes during handball and volleyball competition are influenced by the different energy systems required by the two activities, individual personality characteristics, and the athlete's anxiety level relative to winning or losing.