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481.
Financing access and participation in primary education: Is there a ‘fast-track’ for fragile states?
Despite moves to ‘fast-track’ progress towards universal primary education, few fragile states have been able to access Fast Track Initiative (FTI) funding facilities. Weak systems and capacity have made these countries a high-risk proposition for donor investment. The absence of credible education sector plans has meant that the majority of fragile states are not eligible for endorsement to receive financial resources via the FTI. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that the FTI has struggled to identify suitable channels for resourcing education in these difficult development environments. Importantly, it finds that procedural and governance issues in particular have presented obstacles that have stymied the promotion of wider access to education in fragile states under the FTI umbrella. 相似文献
482.
Jennifer Rowe Margaret Barnes Stephanie Sutherns 《The Journal of perinatal education》2013,22(3):145-155
The transition from maternity services to community child health services on discharge from hospital occurs at a potentially vulnerable time for women in their transition through the childbearing/early parenting continuum. Their experiences contribute to their developing maternal efficacy and parenting skill. The ideal attributes of services that aim to support women and their families during this time include continuity of care, service integration, and birth in accessible, community-based contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate aspects of maternal experience of mothers attending with their infants a publicly funded drop-in postnatal health-care service, as well as their reasons for attending and their perceptions of its usefulness to them as a mechanism of continuity and a source of support. 相似文献
483.
Victoria Savalei 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(1):149-160
Robust corrections to standard errors and test statistics have wide applications in structural equation modeling (SEM). The original SEM development, due to Satorra and Bentler (1988, 1994), was to account for the effect of nonnormality. Muthén (1993) proposed corrections to accompany certain categorical data estimators, such as cat-LS or cat-DWLS. Other applications of robust corrections exist. Despite the diversity of applications, all robust corrections are constructed using the same underlying rationale: They correct for inefficiency of the chosen estimator. The goal of this article is to make the formulas behind all types of robust corrections more intuitive. This is accomplished by building an analogy with similar equations in linear regression and then by reformulating the SEM model as a nonlinear regression model. 相似文献
484.
A well-known ad-hoc approach to conducting structural equation modeling with missing data is to obtain a saturated maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the population covariance matrix and then to use this estimate in the complete data ML fitting function to obtain parameter estimates. This 2-stage (TS) approach is appealing because it minimizes a familiar function while being only marginally less efficient than the full information ML (FIML) approach. Additional advantages of the TS approach include that it allows for easy incorporation of auxiliary variables and that it is more stable in smaller samples. The main disadvantage is that the standard errors and test statistics provided by the complete data routine will not be correct. Empirical approaches to finding the right corrections for the TS approach have failed to provide unequivocal solutions. In this article, correct standard errors and test statistics for the TS approach with missing completely at random and missing at random normally distributed data are developed and studied. The new TS approach performs well in all conditions, is only marginally less efficient than the FIML approach (and is sometimes more efficient), and has good coverage. Additionally, the residual-based TS statistic outperforms the FIML test statistic in smaller samples. The TS method is thus a viable alternative to FIML, especially in small samples, and its further study is encouraged. 相似文献
485.
Karen M. La Paro Catherine Scott-Little Anurika Ejimofor Teressa Sumrall Victoria L. Kintner-Duffy Robert C. Pianta 《Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education》2013,34(4):318-336
Recent surveys have provided some guidance and recommendations for the student teaching component in early childhood teacher preparation, but specific information on the focus of supervision and evaluation of student teachers is limited. The current study surveyed 128 early childhood programs in 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education across seven states. The study collected data in areas such as which students receive feedback, how students are supervised and evaluated, and what types of assessment tools contribute to the evaluation. Results indicate that across 2- and 4-year institutions, language and literacy are a strong focus of feedback for student teachers, as well as child development, planning, and adult–child interactions. Student teachers are typically supervised through on-site visits that range in number and length fairly dramatically across 2- and 4-year institutions. Finally, the use of specific tools for evaluation varies across programs; about a quarter of programs surveyed use a published tool to evaluate student teachers. The majority of programs use an evaluation tool that is based on local, state, or national standards. Findings are discussed in terms of early childhood teacher preparation programs and the continuing discussions of recommendations for student teaching. 相似文献
486.
Lucía Jiménez Lucía Antolín-Suárez Alfredo Oliva Victoria Hidalgo Antonia Jiménez-Iglesias Bárbara Lorence 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(3):573-602
AbstractRelevant information on effectiveness of school-based drug prevention programmes is available. Despite this, there is still contradictory evidence that makes it necessary to continue to shed light on this issue. Based on a synthesis research method, the aim of this study was to determine the relevant variables that enhance the efficacy of these programmes and to determine the weight of their empirical evidence. Furthermore, several features of the evaluation designs whose variables had been proven effective were examined. A systematic review of periodical literature was conducted, which led us to extract 1,622 papers, of which 17 studies were analysed. An in-depth analysis of these publications led us to identify 29 key variables associated with the efficacy of the programme, which were ranked according to the weight of their empirical evidence. Moreover, the characteristics of the studies included in the review highlighted the need to improve the rigorousness and quality of the evaluation designs in this field. 相似文献
487.
Victoria Chan 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(4):505-518
In higher education teaching, enhancing learner autonomy has become a key concern for curriculum planners and classroom teachers. The significant body of research about learner autonomy in language learning over the last 20 years (e.g. Holec 1981, 1988; Riley 1985; Dickinson 1987, 1992; Wenden & Rubin 1987; Little, 1991; Dam, 1995; Benson & Voller, 1997) has indicated an on-going search for more understanding of how learner autonomy can be implemented in different contexts. This paper is based on a research study which was conducted in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong. The study explores learners' attitudes and expectations of language learning, teacher and learner roles, their learning preferences and perceptions of learner autonomy. The paper reports the results and discusses their implication on the development of a learner-centred approach in higher education. 相似文献
488.
Long-standing and enduring problems in quantitative studies of educational effectiveness relate to fitting models that adequately reflect the complex inter-relationships among multivariate, multilevel factors affecting students’ educational progress, particularly among those that operate within classrooms. This article illustrates one approach to solving such difficulties by combining the analytic approaches of multilevel analysis and structural equation modeling in a two-stage process. The data used are drawn from a longitudinal study of teacher and school effectiveness for three Grade-level cohorts of 4,558 students clustered within 334 class/teacher groups in 52 elementary schools. The article provides estimates of inter-relationships among achievement and social background factors including ‘critical events’ on students’ progress in mathematics, together with their affective schooling experiences and inattentive behaviors in the classroom. Findings are presented indicating the extent to which progress can be accounted for by the grouping effects of students within classes and schools, highlighting the importance of accounting for the interdependent effects among variables. Both the substantive and methodological implications of the findings are discussed. Résumé De longue date et de manière persistante, les problèmes posés dans les études quantitatives sur l’efficacité de l’enseignement tiennent à la capacité d’élaborer des modèles qui reflètent de manière adéquate la complexité des interrelations parmi les multiples variables, avec leurs multiples niveaux, qui interviennent dans la progression des étudiants, particulièrement en ce qui concerne celles qui opèrent à l’intérieur même des classes dans les écoles. Cet article présente une approche cherchant à résoudre de telles difficultés en combinant les techniques de l’analyse multivariée avec un modèle d'équation structurale impliquant un processus à deux niveaux. Les données utilisées sont tirées d’une étude longitudinale sur l’efficience des écoles et des enseignants portant sur des cohortes de trois degrés scolaires touchant 4558 élèves provenant de 334 groupes classe/enseignant dans 52 écoles élémentaires. L’article fournit des estimations concernant les interrelations entre la réussite scolaire et des facteurs relevant de l’environnement social incluant des “événements critiques” dans la progression des élèves en mathématiques, mis en rapport avec leur expérience scolaire affective et des comportements inattentifs en classe. Les conclusions présentées indiquent la mesure dans laquelle le progrès peut être expliqué par des effets de groupes d’élèves à l’intérieur des classes et des écoles. Elles éclairent l’importance de la prise en compte de l’interdépendance des éléments parmi les variables. La justification et les implications méthodologiques des conclusions sont discutées. (Traduction: Raymond Hutin, Dr ès sciences de l’éducation, Dardagny / Suisse) 相似文献
489.
Sebastian Scherr Philipp Müller Victoria Fast 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2013,25(2):131-141
The use and abuse of course and lecturer rating websites such as RateMyProfessors.com? is a highly relevant topic for universities’ evaluation and assessment policies and practice. However, only a few studies have paid attention to the actual influence of teaching evaluation websites on the students themselves—that is, their perceptions of a certain course and their course choice intention at university. Findings point to the fact that positive comments on the website about professors improve students’ evaluations. However, professor evaluation websites contain two types of information: single student comments and average ratings. Research on exemplification effects has shown that single cases often have a stronger influence on recipients than more valid base rate information. We test this assumption in an experiment (n?=?126) using a professor evaluation website stimulus. Results show that single comments strongly influence opinions and course choice intentions but that they are moderated by the valence of the average rating. 相似文献
490.
Victoria Wilson 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2):190-213
An increasing number of library user studies are employing ethnographic techniques as an alternative to more traditional qualitative methods such as surveys. Such techniques, however, are only beginning to see significant application to catalog user studies. Beginning with a discussion of the applied ethnographic method and its current usage within the field of Library and Information Science research, this article will assess methods that have traditionally been applied to studies of catalog users and present the case for the potential of an ethnographic approach for future catalog evaluation and design. 相似文献