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991.
992.
Young Mi Kim 《Prospects》1987,17(1):107-114
993.
This study identifies the state and characteristics of theoretical research in library and information science journals by examining the number and the quality of theory incidents. Theory incident is characterized as an event in which the author contributes to the development or the use of theory in his/her own paper. This study assumes that both theory building and theory use are intertwined to construct a cohesive body of knowledge in the filed. Theory incidents were identified by a content analysis of 1661 articles in four LIS journals from 1984 to 2003. The findings suggest that 41.4% of the articles contributed to the development or use of theory. The overall proportion of theoretical articles has increased. They showed a tendency to converge into a few subfields, such as information seeking and use or information retrieval. However, the declining share of theory development articles in recent journal issues and the overall low level of theory incidents are urging LIS researchers to the importance of continuous and creative research in LIS. 相似文献
994.
Vivien Walsh 《Research Policy》1984,13(4):211-234
This paper describes a study of the determinants of the rate, direction and scale of inventive and innovative activity in the chemical industry over the period 1830–1980. Statistical data are interpreted in the light of case study material in three major sectors: dyestuffs, plastics and pharmaceuticals. Theories of technical change and economic growth, particularly those of Schmookler and Schmpeter, are examined in relation to this material on the chemical industry. The findings suggest that the importance of “demand pull” and “discovery push” factors, and the validity of Schmookler's and Schumpeter's theories, vary over an industry's life cycle. 相似文献
995.
Alliances with established organizations provide young firms with resources necessary for survival. We build on recent organizational research examining the effect of upper echelons on attracting powerful intermediaries to understand how young biotechnology firms establish alliances with established organizations. Drawing upon the concept of homophily, we test hypotheses regarding the extent to which young firms and partners match along specific homophily dimensions. Our findings from an event-history analysis of 3,200 career histories of managers who took biotechnology firms public between 1979 and 1996 show that alliance formation is related to status homophily and role-based homophily between young and established organizations. 相似文献
996.
The number of patent documents is currently rising rapidly worldwide, creating the need for an automatic categorization system to replace time-consuming and labor-intensive manual categorization. Because accurate patent classification is crucial to search for relevant existing patents in a certain field, patent categorization is a very important and useful field. As patent documents are structural documents with their own characteristics distinguished from general documents, these unique traits should be considered in the patent categorization process. In this paper, we categorize Japanese patent documents automatically, focusing on their characteristics: patents are structured by claims, purposes, effects, embodiments of the invention, and so on. We propose a patent document categorization method that uses the k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbour) approach. In order to retrieve similar documents from a training document set, some specific components to denote the so-called semantic elements, such as claim, purpose, and application field, are compared instead of the whole texts. Because those specific components are identified by various user-defined tags, first all of the components are clustered into several semantic elements. Such semantically clustered structural components are the basic features of patent categorization. We can achieve a 74% improvement of categorization performance over a baseline system that does not use the structural information of the patent. 相似文献
997.
The Danish e-commerce strategy is a highly ambitious effort to become the world's leading IT nation. Instead of a production-led approach aimed at stimulating domestic hardware and software production, Denmark has pursued a demand-oriented approach focused on promoting the widespread adoption of e-commerce in the Danish society. The Danish government has developed a number of e-commerce initiatives via public-private sector partnerships--an approach we refer to as "governance." So far, it appears that Denmark has been successful in promoting business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce, with a number of Danish companies being global leaders in the use of B2B applications. On the other hand, Denmark has had less success in achieving widespread use of business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce. This article analyzes the Danish national environment for e-commerce, discusses four sets of governance initiatives aimed at the development of e-commerce, and analyzes the reasons for its success in B2B and relative failure in B2C adoption. 相似文献
998.
Catherine A. Dobris Kim White-Mills Rachel D. Davidson Toula V. Wellbrook 《Communication quarterly》2017,65(1):39-59
Dr. Spock’s, The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, one of the best-selling self-help texts of all-time, “second only to the Bible in popularity” (Meakin & Tattersall, 2004) was one of the most influential childcare books in American culture. The author has been both heralded and disparaged as instrumental in the shaping of untold generations. In the present study, we address the rhetorical construction of the Spockian Mother as she is developed during Spock’s tenure from 1946–1992. We employ a feminist rhetorical perspective to examine the progression of Spock’s texts in order to understand how patriarchal images of motherhood are constructed and maintained through Spock’s lifetime and the first 46 years of its publication. We argue that Spock both reinforced and challenged the institution of motherhood; he challenged institutionalized motherhood by encouraging mothers to “trust themselves” while simultaneously conforming to a patriarchal model of motherhood which is at odds with empowered mothering. 相似文献
999.
This paper investigates the influence of cultural and historical factors on educational policy transfer, drawing on an analysis of the curricular reforms made during the Soviet and US military occupation of the two Koreas. In South Korea, curricular changes were made, such as the introduction of the subject of social studies, in order to teach democratic procedures and concepts. In North Korea, a socialist–communist ideology was extensively promoted, along with an attraction to the Soviet Union as a model state to follow. In both contexts, the localization of the reforms was influenced by the authoritarian legacy of Confucianism and Japanese colonization, and the nationalism that had been fostered for the purpose of state formation. The Korean case indicates that while investigating the influence of culture on educational policy transfer, it is important to identify the unique characteristics of educational traditions and nationalism of a country, and to analyze how the newly transferred policies and ideas are received by local actors in their searches for meaning and power. 相似文献
1000.
Research shows that Looked After Children (LAC) may experience emotional instability which can reduce their capacity to engage with education. This study evaluates an attachment based therapeutic Theraplay® intervention designed to bridge the gap between the emotional well-being of LAC and their engagement in education. Twenty LAC between the ages of five to 11 from nine schools participated in the project over eight months. The mixed method study used a repeated measures design. Strengths and difficulties questionnaires were used pre- and post-intervention; semi-structured interviews with teaching staff were conducted and children’s views were gathered. Quantitative results show a reduction in the children’s total strengths and difficulties stress scores post-intervention. Qualitative feedback shows noticeable changes in the children’s relationship skills, confidence and engagement with education. The complexities of supporting LAC in education and implications for educational psychology practice are explored. 相似文献